The Study and Realization of BLDC Motor Control System

　　The Study and Realization of BLDC Motor Control System
　　Brushless DC Motor with permanent excitation is a new special motor developing in recent years,which changes its phases through the electronic units.It is a production which includes the feature of mechanics and electrical engineering.This new motor has not only the same good characteristics of speed control,high efficiency and high rise torque as traditional DC motor, but also the same good characteristics of simple structure,stable reliability,easy maintainance of AC Motor Brushless DC motors.The topic of this thesis, which is based on the driver of BLDC Motor comes from enterprise project of Special Motor Institute.Consequently two drivers are designed and compared.First of the article many interrelated reference both in China and abroad has seeked,neodymium standard state what’s more the basic theory is introduced and the running mode is analyzed and confirmed.The first driver,
　　which has the feedback unit of both hall sensor and encoder sensor, is based on the special IC MC33035.Meanwhile MOSFET is used as the power switch part.In the driver there has the function of Forward/reverse running mode,close loop control,over-current protection and on so.In addition,the numeral given value and numeral show is realized by single chip C51,MAX7219 and AD667.The second driver is based on the PIC 18F4431,which is used specially for the motor control. In the second driver there has the function of digital PID contro,speed and current feedback loop. Moreover, encoder sensor is used for rotor position feedback and IGBT is used for power switch part.To protect IGBT, the GAL chip is used to avoid connecting positive terminal and cathode terminal.There are two set of program.The first program is designed for the two-two PWM running mode without the given value.In this case the torque ripple is obvious.In the second program the given value http://www.999magnet.com/products/112-neodymium-standard-state is added so that the torque ripple is decreased.After designing the two drivers, many experiments are done and the experiment data is analyzed.Finally we draw some conclusions.The conclusions are as follow:With the comparation and analysis of the two drivers, the driver based on the special chip MC33035 is cheap but it can’t afford with a high precise feature, consequently it can just be used for the common environment.The driver based on PIC18F4431 has a better running feature and it can meet a higher requirement.

Research on Control System of Drive Direct Variable Speed Constant Frequency Power Technology

　　Research on Control System of Drive Direct Variable Speed Constant Frequency Power Technology
　　The variable speed constant frequency(VSCF) technology is characterized by high efficiency and fast dynamic response. With the rapidly grown of the power electronic and control theory, many system projects are presented. And some of them have been used in wind power generation and the power system of airplane.A design project of the low power VSCF generation system is presented in this paper. The system includes motor, permanent magnet synchronous generator and AC-DC-AC convertor. When the speed of the motor is variable, the frequency and amplitude of voltage generated by permanent magnet synchronous generator is variable. This voltage will be neodymium standard state converted to constant by the AC-DC-AC convertor.Firstly, the main circuit of AC-DC-AC inverter is designed. According to the basic principle and experience, the parameters of the system are chosen. Treated the load current as a disturbance input, the continuous and discrete mathematical models of the single-phase PWM inverter are established. At the same time, the whole simulation module is made up by simulink blocks in Matlab environment. The causes of the output voltage waveform distortion are analyzed, which include the influence of the dead-time and nonlinear loads.Then the digital control strategies of the PWM inverter are introduced. As any of them is not perfect, a compound control strategy PD and repetitive controller is designed to control the system and the design method of parameters for controller is http://www.999magnet.com/products/112-neodymium-standard-state given. Simulation results show that PD and repetitive control strategy gives excellent dynamic response as well as high quality voltage waveform.Finally, the hardware circuit of the control system is designed on the platform of DSP TMS320F240. The IR2110 chip is used for the driver circuit, and the negative voltage circuit is designed. The flow chart of the software written by basic language is given. The control scheme is applied on the experimental equipment designed by the above researches, and the results are analyzed.

Variable Gain Cross-coupled Control of XY Table Linear Servo System Based on l1 Monoaxial Speed Controllers

　　Variable Gain Cross-coupled Control of XY Table Linear Servo System Based on l1 Monoaxial Speed Controllers
　　Based on the project supported by Liaoning Provincial Natural Science Foundation (20052045) and Foundation of Liaoning Educational Committee (2004F014) . To weaken the influences of parameter perturbed, load disturbances, and the velocity mismatch between X axis and Y axis to the contour precision of XY table servo system driveled by Permanent Magnet Linear Synchronous Motors, a compound control scheme based on combining robust l\ control and variable gain cross-coupled control is presented in this paper, to enhance the contour error precision of XY table linear servo system.In various NC machine tools, the traditional drive mode, which is generally the rotating servo electrical machine with worm wheel, worm pair and gear pair mechanism, results in motion Alnico Magnets response slowly, large friction and other nonlinear errors due to mechanical transmission chain, thus it is very difficult to implement high precise processing. The NC machine tools servo system adopting direct drive technique is no medium transmission, and has large thrust, quick response, small friction and high position precision. However, the system is more sensitive to uncertainties such as load disturbances and parameter variations of load, which greatly reduces servo performances. Meanwhile, the research of high speed and high precision processing technology has became the newest research direction, the objects of the research are improving and eliminating contour error, enhancing the performance of control system.
　　Designing a servo controller is required to improve robustness, tracking performance and contour precision.Performance index of H∞control is to minimize the energy of error, and the method has better robustness and immunity to disturbance. The input signals of H∞control must are energy bounded signals, however, the disturbance of practical system, such as: step signal generated by disturbance and time-varying bounded signals, all belong to bounded signals of l∞space, and those meet don’t satisfy with the hypothesis, which is disturbance signal is energy bounded. But l\ control is different from H∞control, its performance index is l1 norm of relative sensitive function. The l1 controller can minimize amplitude of maximum output error generated by bounded disturbance. So l1 http://www.999magnet.com/products/108-alnico-magnets control is adapted to design monoaxial speed controller in this paper. based on the discrete time model of PMLSM, the design of l1 speed controller is changed into the design of optimal controller Q of matching model using youla parameter. From the given controller’s order, the problem of infinite dimension l1 is translated into finite dimension linear programs. Indirectly reduce contour error.A variable gain cross-coupled controller is also designed between X axis and Y axis. Real time correcting the gains of contour error model based on the feedback information and given input of X axis and Y axis, to seek optimal control laws. Redemptive information is send back to X axis and Y axis, to reach the aim of compensating contour error. The distinguish merit of variable gain cross-coupled http://www.999magnet.com/products/108-alnico-magnets control is that it improves contour error at any trails.Moreover, currently available permanent magnet linear synchronous motor is considered as the controlled object, its mathematical model is established, and it is necessary to simulate and analyze above control strategies using MATLAB software. Simulation results show that the proposed variable gain cross-coupled control method based on l1 monoaxial speed controllers can enhance the robustness and contour precision of XY table linear servo system.

Study on the Design and Magnetic Field’s Computation of Bearingless Switched Reluctance Motor

　　Study on the Design and Magnetic Field’s Computation of Bearingless Switched Reluctance Motor
　　The Bearingless Switched Reluctance Motor (BSRM) ,which utilizes the comparability between the windings of magnetic bearing and switched reluctance motor stator and puts the winds of creating suspending force and torque on the stator poles,can suspend and rotate itself at the same time by using some control strategies . The BSRM not only has the advantages of the switched reluctance motor and Magnetic Bearing, but also works free frictionless. It Neodymium Magnets can meet the need of high-speed and super high-speed driving systems.Basing on proposing the configuration of the bearingless switched reluctance motor, this paper analyses the working principle of the permanent magnet biased radial-axial direction magnetic bearing and the bearingless switched reluctance motor in detail. According to virtual displacement principle, the mathematic model of suspending force and torque of the BSRM is set up, which doesn’t consider magnetic saturation. Basing on the principle of electromagnetism and the designing theory of SRM, a permanent magnet biased radial-axial direction magnetic bearing and a bearingless switched reluctance motor are designed. The FEM(fmite-element analysis) simulation of magnetic field are performed by using Maxwell/3D and Maxwell/2D. The results of simulation validate that the designing method is correct and the designed samples are feasible. Finally, the http://www.999magnet.com/products/110-sintered-neodymium-magnets non-linear relationship between suspending force, torque and the current of winds,the position of rotor, the radical displacement of the rotor are obtained with the simulation of magnetic field to lay a foundation for more researches of the BSRM.

The Servo Control System Based on DSP for AC Synchronous Linear Motor

　　The Servo Control System Based on DSP for AC Synchronous Linear Motor
　　For the past ten years, along with the development of the high speed process technology, the precise technique of manufacture and the numerical control technology, advanced technique of manufacture’s development, high speed, highly effective, high precision becomes the current in numerical control equipment’s development direction. And there are required to the equipment various functional components’s performance in a higher way, which is the feed driving system, including the quick feed rate, the high pointing accuracy as well as the high dynamic response performance. PMSLM (Permanent Magnet Synchronous Linear Motor) as a new way to the neodymium standard state feed drive system in the NC machine tool and the machining center has certain representation..
　　The closed-loop control system in position ,which takes the DSP as a core, is representing the main direction in the precise numerical position control of a motor . Choosing the appropriate PMSLM and the actuation control system, and the reasonable machine design, may produce the high performance and the redundant reliable machine tool definitely. Therefore, it is the important theory significance and the broad application prospect that research on its servo control theory and the method.This article researchs mainly on these contents, including the analysis to PMSLM ’s structure and the principle of work which involves in the voltage equation, the mechanical movement equation and mechanical and electrical coupling equation, and making its mathematical model. To the PMSLM’s good position track performance which meets to the servocontrol request, It also involves unifing the traditional PID control and the intelligent control, and designing self-correcting PID controller based on the fuzzy reasoning, making the system simulation with the MATLAB and analyzing the results. On the http://www.999magnet.com/products/112-neodymium-standard-state base of the analysis and the research on the linear motor servocontrol’s gross structure, it has designed control system which based on the DSP’s (TMS320LF2407A) entire digit position servocontrol, and making program in corresponding servo-control software by the C language. In the platform based on the DSP development system, the text has studied the linear motor ’s dynamic property, used it’s diffraction grating ruler.The experimental result indicated that this control system and method is in good with the active cell’s regulating speed to be faster and active cell pointing accuracy to be higher.This confirmed that this control system of the linear motor is feasible.

Research on Discrete-time Sliding Mode Control of Linear Servo System

　　Research on Discrete-time Sliding Mode Control of Linear Servo System
　　Direct driving linear motor servo system show its superiority performance in precision and exceed precision feed and high speed and ultra high speed move, because it can make electric energy transferred into linear motion, which doesn’t need any intermediate conversion. But uncertainty of the model, inner parameters perturbation and load resistance effect directly performance of servo system, it must be take efficiency control strategy to overcome the influence of above mentioned.Permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM) servo system is a rubber magnetic sheet complex nonlinear system with high thrust strength, low loss and fast response characteristic, it adopt high performance permanent magnets, so its main requests are the high tracking ability to the input command and excellent disturbances rejection ability to uncertainty.Sliding mode variable structure (SMVS) is a nonlinear control method,
　　which is adaptive to disturbance and parameter variations. Especially, SMVS control is stable and robust against system uncertainties. However, the chattering exists in sliding mode control.Two aspects matters of PMLSM servo system have been researched in this thesis to the actuality of SMVS theory and technical requirement of servo system to control strategy.A model reference discrete-time sliding mode control (MRDSMC) is presented for high precision PMLSM servo systems with many uncertainties. The servo problems are converted to simple regulation problems in this approach. And the forgetting factor to achieve entirely robustness. Moreover, in order to http://www.chinamagnets.biz/rubber/rubber-magnetic-sheet.php restrain the chattering introduced by high frequency unmodeled dynamics, a low pass filter is added the design of MRDSMC. Theoretical analysis and simulation results demonstrate that the proposed scheme can well suppress the influence of the unmodeled dynamics, and make the system have good robust position-tracking performance.A compound position tracking control strategy based on combining discrete variable structure control (DVSC) with iterative learning control (ILC) is proposed to linear motor carrying out task repeatedly. One attractive point in ILC is the utilization of the system repetitiveness to improve the control performance. The past control input signals and tracking errors are used to construct the present control input signals. To shorten the chattering level of the input, the parameter of DVSC is regulated by adopting ILC, thus improve the static precision of the system. The simulation results show that the method not only enhances the fast tracking performance, but also has a stronger robustness against parametric variations and resistance disturbances.

Design and Implement of BLDC Motor Controll System Based on ST7FMC

　　Design and Implement of BLDC Motor Controll System Based on ST7FMC
　　The permanent magnet brushless DC motor is a DC motor using electronic communication in place of mechanical communication in fact, so it has excellent characteristic of DC motors, for example good start and timing performance. It simplifies the motor’s structure and overcomes the friction disadvantages of ordinary DC motor, because it doesn’t use mechanical communication. It is extensively used in aviations, robots, digital machine tool and so on. These years along with the development of power-electronics technique and micro-control technique, permanent magnetic brushless DC motor is characterized by small volume, light weight, high efficiency, low noises, Block Ceramic Magnets big stand-alone capability and reliability appeared and matured. So it is hopeful to become new generation electric propulsion motor.
　　The great development of digital signals processors and hardware chips help to realize permanent magnetic brushless DC motor’s fast and reliable control. STMicroelectronics offers a new 8-bit controller ST7FMC1K2, specifically designed for the needs of digital motor control. This chip integrated many BLDC motor control periphery circuit, suited specially in BLDC motor control, which provide reliable and the highly effective signal processing and the control hardware for the high performance, it had the very high performance to price ratio.Taking the actual request of BLDC motor controller of electrically operated bicycle as a background, BLDC motor classic PID control system was designed and implemented in this article. Hardware design of BLDC motor control http://www.chinamagnets.biz/Ceramic/Block-Ceramic-Magnets.php system including the basic expand of ST7FMC1K2, drive circuit and current-detecting circuit and software design of the digital PID algorithm are used in the system. Finally the experimental confirmation has been carried on to the entire control system, the question was analyzed in the experiment and the improvement method was proposed. Fuzzy approach control system of BLDCM is simulated. Above all, the approach of Fuzzy PID controller is designed, especially the confirming of the fuzzy control rules. Relative to classical PID controller of which three parameters are fixed .Fuzzy PID controller can regulate the three parameters in the dynamic control according to controlled object. The result of simulation shows, the adoption of Fuzzy PID controller can make the system have better performances such as quicker response, smaller over shoot and the steady-state error. The simulation has some value to the real system.

Development of Submergible Rodless Pump Driven by Linear Motor

　　Development of Submergible Rodless Pump Driven by Linear Motor
　　At present , it is an important problem that eccentrically wear occurs between sucker rod and tubing in most oil well, otherwise submergible rodless pump driven by linear motor can solve the problem effectively. The rodless oil pump system consists of submergible linear motor and oil well pump with reciprocating liner. Oil well pump is driven by linear motor directly Block neodymium magnet and mechanical transmission assemble of gears and straps is abolished, so the system reduces the power loss .The motor controlled by transducer is synchronization linear motor with higher power factor and lower excitation current and has arbitrary movement mode . The finite element analysis of submergible linear motor is doing to calculate the magnetic field .Oil well pump sucks oil in ascending journey of liner and lifts oil in descending journey of linear motor , so the pump adapts http://www.chinamagnets.biz/Neodymium/Block-neodymium-magnet.php to the working condition when the linear motor is assembled below the pump.

Basic Study for Application of AC-DC Three Degree-of-Freedom Hybrid Magnetic Bearing

　　Basic Study for Application of AC-DC Three Degree-of-Freedom Hybrid Magnetic Bearing
　　Magnetic bearings have many advantages, such as no friction and abrasions, no lubrication and no sealing, high speed, high precision and long service life, and so on, which have innovated the traditional supporting forms fundamentally. In this dissertation, a novel AC-DC 3-degree freedom hybrid magnetic bearing (HMB) is proposed, which is driven Ball Neodymium Magnets by DC in axial direction and AC provided by a three-phase power converter in both radial directions respectively, and just one common permanent magnet ring provides the axial and radial biased magnetic flux. Therefore, this new magnetic bearing incorporates the merits of three-phase AC exciting, permanent magnet flux biased and axial-radial combined control, etc. The goal is to research and design a new compact magnetic bearing that can be applied in industry with lower manufacturing and operation costs.Firstly, based on the analysis to all kinds of magnetic bearings’ structures and magnetic circuits, an innovated structure of three-degree freedom HMB is proposed. The novel magnetic bearing consists of an axial stator, two axial control coils in series, a radial stator with three poles, three radial control coils, a rotor and a permanent magnet ring magnetized radially, etc. Three radial coils are arranged around the rotor symmetrically, so a three-phase power converter can be used to feed the bearing to control two-degree freedom in radial directions since three-phase converters are compact in size and lower in cost, and it’s controlled easily by a DSP processor.Secondly, the flux path is calculated by using equivalent magnetic circuit, the formulas and mathematics models of the axial and radial magnetic suspension forces are deduced respectively.
　　Nonlinearities of suspension forces and cross coupling between different degree freedoms are studied further by calculating the suspension forces at different displacements and control currents to validate the feasibility of the mathematics models. Then based on the mathematics models, the control strategy is proposed. The methods on parameter design and calculation of the novel HMB are presented, a prototype and a mechanical test rig for this prototype are designed too. The prototype is simulated to analyze the magnetic circuits by using finite element analysis http://www.chinamagnets.biz/Neodymium/Ball-Neodymium-Magnets.php software ANSYS8.0. The simulation results have verified the feasibility of the theory study, and some parameters have been optimized by the simulation too.Lastly, both the software based on digital signal processor (DSP) and the hardware circuit PCB have been designed, the flow charts for main program and interrupt programs have been listed too. Power amplifier system is consisted by a linear amplifier in axis direction and a three-phase converter based on CRPWM principle in radial directions, the complete experimental test rig is constructed. Furthermore, detailed testing procedures have been proposed, which establishes a good foundation for the next parameters debugging and functions test.The theory analysis and testing results have shown that this new magnetic bearing reduces overall system size, has stronger magnetic suspension forces, higher efficiency and lower cost. This AC-DC three-degree freedom HMB has a wide application in super-speed and super-precision numerical control machine tools, bearingless motors, high-speed flywheel, artificial satellites, and so on.

Design and Simulation in Control System of Material Sorting

　　Design and Simulation in Control System of Material Sorting
　　As a result of the rapid development of our country’s economy, logistics system plays an increasingly important role in the entire production and the circulation of goods, and more and more automated sorting systems are used in modern logistics system. Therefore, Block Ceramic Magnets researching sorting system and its control system, finding a way to improve the sorting system to makes it more automated and more efficient, becomes an important researching direction. This article mainly has carried on the following aspect research work in foundation of summing up achievements:1.In order to make the performance of the whole material sorting control system achieve the requirement, every joint motors are used PMSM. In foundation of the dq mathematical model of rotor in PMSM and on the basis of the characteristics of PMSM system for multi-variable, non-liner and strong coupling, through rotating coordinate transformation and the application of control theory, analyzed the vector control theory of PMSM, given the characteristics and the implementation for i_d= 0 based on directional rotor magnetic http://www.chinamagnets.biz/Ceramic/Block-Ceramic-Magnets.php field, detailed inferred transfer function of every module in condition of i_d= 0, established decided to use the vector control program of i_d= 0 based on directional rotor magnetic field.2. Discussed the design of PMSM servo system, given the design of current regulator, speed regulator, position regulator. Designed the module of coordinate transformation according to coordinate transformation formula, and designed the module of inverter according to the principles and requirements of pulse width modulation (PWM), enhanced the performance of servo system, and simulated the system with Matlab/Simulink.3. Designed and simulated the entire control system of the mechanical arm. Designed the module of angle calculation according to simplified spatial geometric relations, and designed the modules of angle assigned of every servo motor with the method of regulating time and delaying time, then simulated the operating condition of the system by selecting special number.

Research and Simulation on Parameter Self-tuning PID Controller in Feeding Servo System of NC Machine Tool

　　Research and Simulation on Parameter Self-tuning PID Controller in Feeding Servo System of NC Machine Tool
　　NC machine tool is an enabling foundational facility for developing high technique and new industries. Feeding servo system is one of the most important parts of NC machine tool. The performance of the tool is related to the match of the parameters of controller used in the servo system. So, how to match the parameters rapidly and effectively is a hotspot that is studied all the time.Regarding the topic "Research and Simulation about Parameter Self-tuning Proportion-Integral-neodymium standard state Differential(PID) Controller in Feeding Servo System of NC machine Tool" as a main subject, the mathematical model of permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM) and the basic principles of vector control and field-oriented were studied, and then the mathematical model and simulation model of feeding servo system of NC machine tool were set up; In order to solve the problem about the parameters self-tuning of the PID controller, two intelligent control theories, fuzzy control and neural network control, were studied in great depth, then fuzzy-PID controller and Back-
　　Propagation (BP) neural network(NN) PID controller were set up in matlab and used for controlling the feeding servo system of NC machine tool, the simulating results indicated that the two controllers made the system strong in robustness and anti-jamming performance; Nevertheless, the theories on which fuzzy controller and neural network controller are http://www.999magnet.com/products/112-neodymium-standard-state built aren’t perfect enough, their arithmetic are very complex and difficult to achieve, then the optimization of D.A.desopo method was studied in the last of the thesis. With the performance index function, which is the integral of the product of error absolute value and time (ITAE), PID self-tuning controller was designed based on D.A.desopo Method and used for controlling the feeding servo system model of NC machine tool successfully, and realized the parameters of PID controller self-tuning in feeding servo system.The results of simulation indicate that the PID parameters which were optimized by way of D.A.desopo method always make the system have good performance, caring nothing about the initial PID parameters, and the method is of great value in theory and application.

The Research of an Inverter Air-Conditioner’s Outdoor Controller

　　The Research of an Inverter Air-Conditioner’s Outdoor Controller
　　In recent years the inverter air-conditioner has been a mainstream product in the market as its good performance and highly efficiency. But in domestic market,most of inverter air-conditions which apply the inductance motor prevent the performance to improve because of the disadvantages such as bigger start-up current and lower power factor. This kind of motor can not satisfy air-condition market’s need under the condition of energy crisis.
　　A new kind of motor called permanent magnet synchronous motor ( PMSM) will become the best choice of inverter air-condition compressor motor for its neodymium standard state higher running efficiency and no excitation current. Compare with the air-conditioner with the inductance motor, the one with PMSM can save 10%-15% energy.In the process of motor running, we need test the position of rotor to complete field orientation control. There are three main factors in the following which determined that we can not use a mechanical sensor to get rotor’s position.①The high cost of the sensor.②For inverter air-conditioner, the motor is sealed in the compressor, which means the mechanical sensor is difficult to maintain.③The compressor is full of corrosive and high-pressed refrigeration, additional temperature change and mechanical vibration, all will reduce the stability and reliability of mechanical sensor. So it’s very important to find a simpler and lower cost sensorless control method.According to the design an outdoor controller of the air-conditioner with PMSM use IRMCF 341 motor controlling chip, carry out the following works:(1).
　　Deeply analyzed the mathematics model http://www.999magnet.com/products/112-neodymium-standard-state of PMSM in different coordinates and mutual conversion methods. Introduce the field orientation control principle and voltage space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) technology.(2). Put forward the rotor position method of rotor magnet flux calculation with phase lock loop. First calculate stator magnet flux by stator voltage and current, then induct it to phase lock loop to get the estimated value of rotor’s position and velocity. Also put forward improved method and error corrector which are for the problems such as DC offset and parameter change. Meanwhile, deeply analyze three steps start-up strategy which applied in this system.(3). Design an inverter air-condition outdoor controller with IRMCF 341 motor controlling chip, according to the methods above. Erect the experiment platform, and make use of the regulated controlling parameters for motor rotary speed, magnet flux and position errors to make the system satisfied with the design requirements.

Study of High Precision Linear Servo System Parameter Identification and Compensate Control

　　Study of High Precision Linear Servo System Parameter Identification and Compensate Control
　　Modern top grade numerical control machine tool has higher and higher precision demand to numerical control servo system.Adopting permanent magnet linear synchronous motor(PMLSM) direct drive is one of necessary approaches of realizing high precision.But during the period that linear system moving as to all kinds of interior and exterior cause,its parameter and exterior disturbance have large uncertainty.Owing to this uncertainty,control quality of system maybe decrease badly.In allusion to influence of mover mass variety disturbance,load resistance disturbance and friction disturbance under low speed to servo system,some studies have been done and relevant schemes has been Alnico Magnets put forward.At first,mathematical model of PMLSM is established.Simulation diagram under Matlab circumstance is built.
　　In allusion to mover mass variety disturbance,method of disperse model reference adapt identification is adopted to estimate variety of mover mass at real time,and then according to the role using current value of identifying mover mass to amend every speed controller parameter,make servo system has good dynamic and static performance when mover mass changes.The simulation result indicates this approach make identification parameter has quick constringency speed,good real-time performance,can track input without excess,and system precision has improved greatly;In allusion to load resistance disturbance,its identification approach and compensate method is raised,make observed load resistance variety compensate proportioned to motor current control end,so as to restrain load resistance disturbance,and enhance system robustness. The simulation result indicates this http://www.999magnet.com/products/108-alnico-magnets scheme is effective;In allusion to nonlinear friction disturbance which can decrease servo system track performance,based on Genetic Algorithms parameter identification method is adopted to identify system friction model parameter,and compensated control to permanent magnet synchronous linear servo system is made.The simulation result indicates this control scheme make system response quickly, static precision has improved greatly,and can realize system placid run under slow speed. The studies indicate these adopted compensation measure has strong robustness to system parameter variety and friction disturbance,and it can make permanent magnet synchronous linear servo system have higher control precision,strong real-time performance and meet perfectly request of machine tool high precision process.

The Research of Control System for Sin-Wave PMSM Based on Sliding Model Observer

　　The Research of Control System for Sin-Wave PMSM Based on Sliding Model Observer
　　The text research object with the control system of permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). The Operation Principles and characteristics of PMSM are analyzed .On the foundation , the dynamic mathematical model of sine-wave type permanent magnet synchronous motor( SPMSM ) is built. Based on the detailed analysis of the system torque harmonic mechanism, a new Sliding Trajectory Control algorithm for sensorless PMSM vector control system is designed Neodymium Magnets which could reduce the torque ripple.The information of rotate position and rotate speed is essential in vector control system. As for the observation of position and velocity, the sensorless control technique is used. On the basis of an overall introduction and analysis to sensorless control algorithm, the system adopted a sliding mode control (SMC) with a variable control structure that gives comparatively robust performance of a drive with parameter variation and load torque disturbance. The SPMSM control system combined the theory of field orientated control (F.O.C) with the Sliding Model Control (SMC) principle. The text introduced an enhanced SMC algorithm, it increased the precision of Rotor position and velocity estimation and the stability of system when the method mentioned is applied in state observe of the vector control system.On the foundation of analysis the system characteristic and control http://www.999magnet.com/products/110-sintered-neodymium-magnets strategy, the hardware parts and the soft parts of system are designed. Processor adopted DSP2407 .The experiment has proved feasibility of control strategy.Finally, the text discussed the intelligence control methods such as neural net control. In order to improve the performance of the PMSM drive system with traditional PID controller, the single neuron PID controller was used to control the system. Combined with the objection and control demand, a lot of experiments were done. The experiments show that the drive system of single neuron PID controller has well start-up performance, dynamic performance and strong robustness.

交换耦合的纳米两相复合永磁材料的微磁学研究

　　交换耦合的纳米两相复合永磁材料的微磁学研究
　　The composite nano-magnet is a new type of permanent magnetic material with the hard and soft phases exchange-coupled in nano-scale. It exhibits excellent magnetic properties with the hard phase to provide high coercivity and the soft phase to provide high saturation magnetization. The theoretic and experimental study of composite nano-magnets , especially the coercivity , is a hot topic in magnetism. In this thesis, the reversal mechanism of the oriented and unoriented two-phase multilayers has been investigated in detail based on Brown’s micromagnetics.
　　The results have been extended to nano composite Cast Alnico Magnet magnets(bulk materials) with the dominant coercivity mechanism obtained.The reversal process of oriented nanometer two-phase multilayers includes three steps:(Ι) the nucleation of the domain wall; (ΙΙ) the propagation of the domain wall;(ΙΙΙ)the complete reversal of the magnetization vector. As the thickness of the soft phase increases , the shape of the hysteresis loop changes gradually from rectangle to Z-shape, the coercivity of systems becomes more and more small,and the multilayers change from completely exchange-coupled state to decoupled state. In the meantime,the dominant coercivity mechanism changes from nucleation to pinning.The reversal of unoriented two-phase multilayers depends onβ, the angle between the easy axis of the soft phase and the applied field. The reversal pocess forβ=90°is similar to that forβ=0°( the oriented case),but the nucleation field is much smaller while the pinning field is larger than the parallel case. For 0°<β<90°,the magnets couldn’t be saturated at the finite applied field , http://www.chinamagnets.biz/Alnico/Cast-Alnico-Magnet.php and the nucleation of the domain wall doesn’t occur.The reversal process only includes two steps, i.e., steps of (ΙΙ) and(ΙΙΙ).The formulae of the nucleation field for bulk composite permanent magnets have been derived with the anisotropy of the soft phase incorporated in our calculation. The dependence of the nucleation field on the soft grain size and magnetic parameters has been discussed. As the critical size at which the coercivity mechanism changes from nucleation to pinning is very small, we demonstrated that the main coercivity mechanism in the exchange-coupled permanent magnets is pinning rather than nucleation. Such a pinning is different from traditional nucleation and pinning and has both attributes of them, which is called as self-pinning. This nucleation-pinning duality helps to solve the long-lasting disputes on the coercivity mechanism in permanent /composite magnets.

Study on the Approach of Parameter Identification for ISG PMSM in Hybrid Electrical Vehicle

　　Study on the Approach of Parameter Identification for ISG PMSM in Hybrid Electrical Vehicle
　　The contents this paper studying is from the project endowed of Jilin Scientific Department, the project is named as‘Reach on the controller of the single axis motor in hybrid electrical vehicle for the 1st Automobile Works’. In the project the ISG motor control system adopts a permanent magnet synchronous motor with a direct control system. The purpose of this paper is to improve the operating ability of the ISG motor in order to fulfill the demand of the project, as the same time, it has academic value.In this paper, firstly the mathematical model of the PMSM is introduced, rubber magnetic sheet for easy static calculating and dynamic analyzing, a 2-axis graph is defined, and the transformation method between the 2-axis and 3axis graph is derived, on the principle of it, the mathematical model of the PMSM in 2-axis graph is deduced. Then it introduces the theory basic of the direct control system and the achievement of the ISG motor control system in the project. For the sake of improving the performing of the motor control system, the main factors which affect the motor performing are analyzed. It is pointed that the accuracy of the motor parameters one of the most important factor in this main factors, and theoretical derivation and experiment are prove the conclude. Consequently, for improving the performing of the motor, methods to improve the accuracy of the parameters shall be investigated, in another word, parameter identification shall be done.In researching the method of motor’s parameter identification, the paper utilizes the classical Least Square Method according to the system identification theory, and designed 2 series least square parameter identification methods. The 1stone is for the identification of the rotor flux of magnet and inertia, it is derived from the accurate modal of the PMSM, and the iterative algorithm can be carried on in any motor operating condition. Simulation experiment proves that the methods has high convergence rate, and it can accurately identifies the actual value of the rotor flux of magnet and inertia in any motor operating condition. But this method needs complex data, some of them are not easily measured, sensors and circuit should be designed, it goes against the engineering actualization.
　　The second method is for the identification of the stator resistance and inductance, it is derived from the approximate modal of the PMSM, the iterative algorithm needs motor speed arriving steady. It only requires motor’s current and voltage, being propitious to the engineering actualization. Simulation experiment proves that the methods can comparatively accurately http://www.chinamagnets.biz/rubber/rubber-magnetic-sheet.php identifies the actual value of the stator resistance and inductance in the condition that motor speed is comparatively steady. But it has little accuracy than the 1st method, and the accuracy may be even decline when the motor speed goes less steady.In order to conquer the defect of the Least Square Method, designing a method which is propitious to the engineering actualization and can adapt the instability of the speed control, this paper studies the designing method of the model reference adaptive parameter identification system according to the Positivity and Hyperstability theory. On the principle of it, a model reference adaptive parameter identification system for stator resistance and inductance is designed. The system needs an initial value which accesses the actual value of the stator resistance or inductance, and requires motor’s current and voltage as the input of the system when motor speed comparatively arrives steady. The output matrix of the system will be convergent at some function of stator resistance and inductance, and the identification value of the ISG motor’parameter will be solved from the equations. Simulation experiment proves the efficiency of the designed model reference adaptive parameter identification system, it can get the identification value of the stator resistance or inductance quite accurately in the condition that motor speed comparatively goes steady. The system has a longerconvergence time than the Least Square Method, but it accords with the engineering demand and is capable of an online parameter identification method.
　　According to the designs of this paper, an experiment adopting the series least square parameter identification method for stator resistance and inductance is carried on the ISG motor experimental system. Then we made the identification values from the experiment as the calculated values which are calculated to work out the control signal in the control system. Comparing with the control system which made the parameter on the motor’s nameplate as the calculated values, the ISG motor’s response time and the capability of speed control are improved, especially in the low speed condition. The experimental result accords with the conclude which is made from the analysis of the factors which affect the performance of the PMSM, and it also proves that the parameter identification http://www.chinamagnets.biz/rubber/rubber-magnetic-sheet.php method which is designed in this paper will make improvement for the ISG motor.The research of this paper fulfills the demand of the project, besides that, it has academic value for the research of correlated problem. They mainly incarnate that, it made thorough investigate on the direct toque control system, pointed out the main factors that affect the performance of the system and its causation, it has theoretical value for the improvement of the direct toque control system. It extended the Least Square Method for induction motor to the PMSM, and made a design method according to the approximate model aiming at the engineering practicality, it made the LS Method to be used in accrual project. It designed a model reference adaptive parameter identification system adapt to the PMSM direct toque control system, it can be the basic of identification method of other parameter and the research of non-sensor technology.

永磁无刷直流电机控制器的设计

　　永磁无刷直流电机控制器的设计
　　The "design of Controller for permanent magnet brushless DC motor (BLDCM)" is studied on in this thesis, and the key technologies are presented,such as motor starting, rotor position detection, controlling method and power factor correction. At last, the controlling system is designed and the details is given for design of software and hardware.Controlling solution Block Ceramic Magnets for BLDCM is discussed, the method for rotor position detection is analyzed and the circuit is designed for rotor position detection based on Back EMF. At the same time, it is studied on how to start BLDCM by "Three step" starting technique, how to adopt PID to regulate speed in closed loop to make motor run more reliably. In order to satisfy "3C" standards, the power factor corrector (PFC) is induced in system and the design parameter is given in details. The SPM (smart power module) is used to make http://www.chinamagnets.biz/Ceramic/Block-Ceramic-Magnets.php the system design more convenient and brief. At last, use Infineon XC164CM as controlling core and the controlling system is designed.It is showed by the experiment results that the controller is better than others at these sides, such as fast starting, stabilization and wide speed regulation, and it is also cheap. The power factor is higher. So the controller would be used widely.

纳米永磁材料的尺寸效应

　　纳米永磁材料的尺寸效应
　　Due to the exchange-coupling interaction between magnetically soft and hard phases, the remanence enhancement is exhibited remarkably in nanocomposite permanent magnetic materials. The theoretical results indicate that the exchange-coupling interaction among magnetic films can make nanocomposite magnet keep both the high saturation magnetization of soft phase and the high coercivity of hard phase, and the theoretical magnetic energy product of aligned nanocomposite magnet can achieve as high as 1MJ/m3. However, experimental results show that the enhancement of Alnico Magnets remanent magnetization is obvious, but the coercivity decreases seriously and the energy product of nanocomposite magnetic material is far lower than its theoretical value with the reduction of magnetically soft grains size.In order to lessen the gap between the theoretical and experimental coercivty and investigate of thickness effect on nanoscaled permanent magnetic films, lots of work has been devoted to explore the thickness-dependent demagnetization and coercivity mechanism. Unfortunately, the detail is still unclear. This result is mainly attributed to the following two aspects: one is the oversimplified theoretical models; the other is that the nanocrystalline magnet with fully density and uniform microstructure can not be realized in experiment.In this thesis, the effects of thickness in double-layer permanent magnets have been investigated in detail. Taking single phased Nd2Fe14B and two phased Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe films as typical samples. We firstly calculated the dependences of nucleation field on thicknesses of layers. Secondly, We investigated the thickness effects on remanence, coercivity and hysteresis loop, and compared with experimental results.
　　The main conclusions are listed as following:1. The actual nucleation mode corresponds to the smallest nucleation field. By numerical calculating and comparing the Brown’s micromagnetic incoherent rotation and coherent rotation model, it implies that the real http://www.999magnet.com/products/108-alnico-magnets nucleation mode of permanent magnet changes from the coherent mode to the incoherent one with the reduction of the misaligned/soft phased thickness, and the average effective anisotropy can only be used in limited cases(at very small grains size).2. There exist exchange-coupling interactions in single phased double-layer nano-structured hard magnetic materials with perpendicular easy axes. The reversal mechanism of the system changes from nucleation to pinning with the increasing of misaligned layer thickness L. For a given thickness L’(the aligned layer thickness), the coercivity hc decreases firstly and subsequently keeps at a constant C with the increasing of L and the constant C saturates at 0.414 as the aligned phase thickness L’ is positive infinitive. Meanwhile, the hysteresis loop of single phased double-layer permanent magnets changes from“s”curve to ellipse with the reduction of aligned layer thickness L.3. The dependences of magnetic characteristic on soft and hard layer thicknesses and angle in nano-composite permanent magnet(Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe) are obtained systematically. For a given hard phase thickness Lh, the coercivity decreases firstly as increases of soft phase thickness Ls, and then converges a constant value C’ with a infinitive Ls. For sufficiently large Ls, C’ is equal to 540 (Oe)/-540 (Oe) in aligned composite magnetic layers and perpendicular anisotropy layers respectively. Our results are basically in accordance with the experimental results and other coercivity theories, and our study will shed light on the nanocomposite material design.

Research on the PMSM Servo System Based on DSP

　　Research on the PMSM Servo System Based on DSP
　　Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine(PMSM) has been paid more attention in the past two decades by researcher in the motor and control system fields because of its excellent performance for example small cubage, great power density and good efficiency. We can foresee the further development about PMSM and its control system with the reduce of the permanent magnet material`s price and producing the rotor, progress in the power electronics Neodymium Magnets apparatus and high-speed processor and control theories. PMSM may take the place of common power excitation motor and control system in many fields.Based on the research of operation theory of the PMSM, the details of the field-orientation vector control theory are presented in this paper. Then a full-digital PMSM servo system is developed based on DSP. Firstly, this paper originates from the motor itself, discusses the steady operation theory of PMSM. The characteristics of the torque, power and efficiency are analyzed as well. Secondly, the vector control theory of PMSM is introduced deeply. The mathematical models of PMSM are illustrated. Continuously, the scheme of vector control on PMSM is discussed and the block diagram of this system is provided systematically. Additionally, http://www.999magnet.com/products/110-sintered-neodymium-magnets SVPWM modulation is discussed thoroughly and its realization method with software is developed. Finally, the main structures of the software and hardware parts of the control system are introduced. Principles and realization of the main functional blocks of these two parts are illuminated. On the hardware of the system, parts of control circuit and the design and debugging of peripheral circuits are discussed thoroughly. Based on the hardware circuit, the software is programmed with C language. Three close loop vector control with feedback of position, speed and current are realized.

Research on Electromagnetism of PMBLDCM with Wind-round in Agricultural Vehicle

　　Research on Electromagnetism of PMBLDCM with Wind-round in Agricultural Vehicle
　　The small-scale wind-round DC Motor with minor axis for the used of agricultural vehicle have their own properties, each individual consumes little (less than 300w ) but the quantities of the wind-round are large. So it is very meaningful to reduce the consumption of the small-scale wind-round for improving the construction of modernization and narrowing the gap between our state and developed countries.Permanent Magnet Brushless DC Motor (PMBDCM) is suitable for Cast Alnico Magnet agricultural vehicle by its specific property of more efficient density. In this paper, torque ripple suppression techniques have been studied in details and some novel effective measures have been proposed because reducing cogging force is indispensable for improving the minor axis PMBDCM.In this paper, we analysis the motor from material, magnet structure, magnetization, and the coefficient of magnet arcs and we provide the structure, principles and design demands of the motor, we could manufacture of the outer rotor PMBDCM to meet the target of cost saving. According to the characteristics of the outer rotor motor mechanical structure and the small-scale wind-round in agricultural vehicle, this paper http://www.chinamagnets.biz/Alnico/Cast-Alnico-Magnet.php presents a new technology: the magnetic rotor yoke devices directly build in the wind-round cavity to constitute a new outer rotor to save material and simplify the processing and outside the rotor balancing process. As the process simple, provincial materials, low cost, makes the motor in the agricultural vehicle to promote the application of practical significance. Prototype measured data show the motor has a good cost-effective performance of the advantage of industrial production.

Study of Full-digital PMSM Servo System Based on DSP

　　Study of Full-digital PMSM Servo System Based on DSP
　　AC Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSM) servo system is used more and more widely, such as industrial controllers and household appliances.It has been the important domain of the domestic and foreign research and application. Full-digital controlled AC PMSM servo system is the trend, which uses high quality control strategy based on DSP and is greatly neodymium prices convenient to realize intelligent control strategies.The purpose of this paper is to develop an experiment platform of full-digital PMSM servo system based on DSP, which can provide a platform for further research and a choice for cheaper with enough performance project application.Firstly, the general development situation of PMSM servo system is introduced. Then the mathematical model of PMSM is founded. after that the rotor magnetic field-oriented vector control, SVPWM, current circle, speed circle and position circle is analyzed and the simulation research based on Matlab/Simulink is completed, which validates the feasibility and correctness of control theory and provides the theory basis for the realization and debugging of real system.Based on the theory and simulation of the analysis, the full-digital servo http://www.999magnet.com/products/142-neodymium-prices system hardware platform was designed using TI’s DSP-TMS320LF2407A as the control core and intelligent power module IRAMS10UP60A as the power switch unit. The modularization applied in system software and control program was completed in assemble language based on the hardware platform.Finally, the experiment results has been obtained, which indicate that the control system can achieve good dynamic and static drive performances, and which prove that the theories and the simulation analysis are correct and pave the way for future research and application.

On the ISG Controller and System Control Strategy of Hybrid Electric Vehicle

　　On the ISG Controller and System Control Strategy of Hybrid Electric Vehicle
　　Conventional vehicles have been faced with crisis of petroleum and serious environment pollution, and the development of automobiles energy saving and environmental friendly becomes a mainstream of the world automobile industry. The pure electric vehicles are difficult to be widely used because of the limited driving range and high initial cost. The commercialization application of fuel cell vehicles will take a long period of time because the fuel cell technology has not been matured. Hybrid electric vehicle (HEV), which combines the advantages of the conventional automobile and electric vehicle arises and becomes one of the most feasible ways to solve pollution and fuel problems. Integrated starter/generator (ISG) is a key technology of parallel hybrid electric vehicle. Automobiles with ISG having low fuel consumption and emission have become one of the neodymium standard state world-famous advanced hybrid electric vehicles.In the ISG-based HEV, design of motor and its control system is one of the most important works in the design of powertrain. Control strategies are important for the ISG-based HEV to achieve best fuel economy, low emission and good power performance. This paper addressed the problem of selecting architecture and parameters of ISG motor. The motor was designed and the control algorithm was studied. The control system of ISG motor based on vector control was developed. The ISG-based HEV was modeled and simulated by ADVISOR2002. Energy management strategies for the whole system was developed and then evaluated by simulation.The different types of HEV configurations can be classified into three basic kinds: series (SHEV), parallel configurations (PHEV), or a combination of both (PSHEV). ISG-based HEV is a typical kind of PHEV. The ISG system with motor not coaxial with the engine is also called B-ISG system, as the motor is connected to the engine crankshaft by belt drive. The technology of B-ISG is always used in mild hybrid vehicles.
　　In the ISG system where the motor is directly mounted on the engine crankshaft, the motor can have greater power and can be used in moderate and heavy hybrid vehicles. Considering both performance and cost, we select the structure that the motor is mounted on the flywheel output end of diesel engine and then connected to transmission via a clutch. In order to decrease the energy loss in the circuit and the cost of the system, the voltage of the ISG-based HEV is selected at 336 V. The high voltage of battery pack can bring many freedoms to the system design. In this article,In the ISG-based hybrid electric system, the electric machine should be able to work in states of electric drive or power generation. The motor drive system should provide an enough large starting moment, to meet the need of starting and ability of power-assisted. As well, the motor drive system should have efficiency as high as possible and also high reliability. In the hybrid electric power system, the classes of motor usually used mainly include direct current motor, the permanent magnet motor, the induction motor and the switched reluctance motor. After comparison of motors with different structures, the permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM) is selected as the electric machine used as the ISG motor. Then, the parameters of the ISG motor were selected with considering of both the performance and control http://www.999magnet.com/products/112-neodymium-standard-state objectives of the In the ISG-based hybrid electric vehicle.The control of ISG motor is a tough task as the motor has to rotate with the engine at the same speed. This thesis studies on vector control algorithm of ISG motor. The control system based on Motorola DSP type single chip microcomputer 568F8367 is developed. The inverter module are mainly composed of six insulated gatebipolar transistor (IGBT), and the space vector pulse width modulation is used to produced three phase alternating voltage, which directly drive the PMSM. The developed control system is tested on the ISG experiment platform, and the control algorithm is optimized using the experiment data. The experimental result proves that the performance indexes are meted.The vector control system much dependence on the parameters of PMSM, such as the rotor position, and complicated coordinate transformation is needed. They are problems to be solved.
　　The direct torque control direct torque control of PMSM is studied. In this control method, field orientation is not achieved by feedback, so the rotor position is unneeded, while fast and reliable torque response can be produced. A simulation model of direct torque control system is developed using the Matlab/Simulingk toolbox and the control performance is studied by simulation results. After analysis of field weakening operation in direct torque control system, an algorithm of field weakening control is proposed and also studied by simulation. The main defaults concerned with the traditional direct torque control system are the large torque ripple, poor performance of low speed region, inconstant switch frequency, etc. The reason of torque ripple is studied and refinement algorithms world wide are reviewed. Finally, the Future research direction is suggested.The rationality and validity of control strategy have great influence on the performance of whole HEV system. The function http://www.999magnet.com/products/112-neodymium-standard-state of control strategy is to coordinated control different subsystems, making them work in optimal states, and rationally control the energy flow of the hybrid electric drivetrain. The design principle of control strategy is to optimize the power performance of HEV, and to achieve a high fuel economy, low emission and low cost at the same time. The development of vehicle control strategy should take in consideration the specific configuration of hybrid electric vehicle, as well as the real drive cycles and different drive patterns.The vehicle control strategy based on the logic threshold control is designed. The control strategy consists of several subroutines, such as the on/off control of the engine, the calculation of engine torque, the calculation of motor torque, etc. vehicle traveling is classified into six typical operation modes. The model of ISG-based HEV is established using the simulation tool ADVISOR 2002, and the developed control strategy is also implemented. The simulation results prove that the ISG-based HEV is better than the conventional vehicle in most performances.Finally, some problems for further research are proposed.

均匀磁场对DNA复制过程的影响初探及其发生装置的设计

　　均匀磁场对DNA复制过程的影响初探及其发生装置的设计
　　With the pollution of electromagnetic fields on human existence environmental aggravating, scientific research are very interest in the possible biological effects of electromagnetic fields on the organisms. As the living environment where people are in the field of diversity, its effect on the biological organisms are very complex, which the effect on the cell cycle by electromagnetic fields is one of the important issues.When osteoblast were cultured and put in different forms of magnetic field,the researchers found that the cell cycle were changed, S-phase percentage were significantly higher as compared with control, but the specific mechanism of the effect on the cell cycle by magnetic field is not clear. The researchers speculate that the cell DNA synthesis is impact and Alnico Magnets regulated by the magnetic field, which leading to its synthesis becoming faster, thus the cells in S phase increased, but the speculate lack of firm evidence. The paper reported frequency magnetic field can give rise to epithelial cell DNA double-strand breaks, speculated that the magnetic field affect the biochemical and enlarge the process, indirectly damage DNA, but the specific mechanism is not yet clear.. In order to explore the effect on DNA synthesis and DNA double-strand breaks by magnetic field, We chose a relatively simple uniform magnetic field, study the affect on DNA synthesis and DNA double-strand breaks by such magnetic field, conclused that this impact related to magnetic field strength. In order to verify the conclusions, need to design a uniform magnetic field strength devices, and can control the temperature of the magnetic field area. this combination of knowledge, we related knowledge, and design the magnetic field devices
　　.The main task of S-phase cells is DNA replication. In the process of DNA replication rotation, with the advance copy fork, front-end DNA molecule will produce torque, in order to release the accumulated torque, the double-stranded DNA molecules which is the front fork will appear special forms of exercise so as to release torque. and ensure the normal DNA replication. DNA is the biological macromolecules,negatively chargedthe on lateral, when the copy process been in a magnetic field, that will be the role of Lorentz force, which leading to changes in speed of DNA synthesis and thus the entire DNA molecule replication process will be interference, cell cycle will also change. On the basis of the phenomenon observed by the biological effects of magnetic team,and combination of the specific characteristics of DNA replication,
　　This article theoretically discussed the affects on the uniform magnetic field on the DNA replication process,and found that uniform magnetic field will increase the speed of DNA synthesis, at the same time result in changes in the structure of DNA.At present, in order to in-depth study the mechanism of the affect on organisms by electromagnetic fields , the researchers often use relatively simple form of the magnetic field as outside interference magnetic fields, such as: http://www.999magnet.com/products/108-alnico-magnets static magnetic fields, alternating magnetic fields, pulse magnetic fields and high-frequency magnetic field. with the need, the researchers used are: permanent magnets,electromagnetic Helmholtz coils and solenoids as magnetic field devices. Permanent magnet can provide for a maximum intensity of the magnetic field around Tesla, Helmholtz coils and solenoids can provide alternating magnetic field or relatively uniform magnetic field, and solenoids can also be used to provide strength for the solenoid around 10 Tesla. Various magnetic field devices have a certain scope, this article from the perspective of physics, analyse the characteristics of the each device, with magnetic characteristics of each and magnetobiology research, we summed up a more practical magnetic field devices, http://www.999magnet.com/products/108-alnico-magnets According to the experiment requirements, design a practical magnetic field devices which can provide uniform magnetic fields, and take a solution which can control the temperature of the magnetic field of regional. Through computer simulation model,we find that the magnetic field in the device field is consistent with the expected results, through the actual model of temperature detection, confirmed the temperature control is practical. The uniform magnetic field devices is made up of power, solenoids, the water cycle, focusing on the solenoid and the water cycle temperature control device design.

Design and Realization of Control System for Nautical Electromotion-Rudder

　　Design and Realization of Control System for Nautical Electromotion-Rudder
　　This research was concentrated on designing and implement main rudder servo system of ship main/flapped rudder system. Adopted digital signal processor of TMS320F2812 as main controller and the permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM) as executor. The main content included designing of collectivity scheme、building PMSM’s simple model and researching of motor controlling method、4 designing of controller、designing of hardware circuit、designing of software procedure and experiment of jointing hardware and software.In Neodymium Magnets designing of collectivity scheme aspect, designed the whole system structure, adopted half-closed loop structure; and validated the correctness of choosing component, such as DSP、motor and IPM.In researching of motor controlling method aspect, according to vector control method made the PMSM math model simpler . Realized the space vector pulse width modulation based on input variable which is reference variable of two-phase static coordinate, and optimized it for less switch waste.In designing of controller aspect, adopted three closed loops structure, For the used as practice project, PI controlling way was used in inside circuit loop and speed loop, and variable structure controlling way was used in outside position loop. Emulation proved that the controller was good on current following、speed rapid and position nicety.In hardware designing aspect, designing concerned system main circuit、power circuit、controller circuit、interface circuit and dependability. Introduced the reasons and matter need pay attention, explained the http://www.999magnet.com/products/110-sintered-neodymium-magnets way of some important components chosen and their parameter. Realized the hardware by PCB.In software designing aspect, designed the main procedure and several interrupt subprograms, and gave the procedure sketch maps. The key subprograms such as rotor position initialization、speed measuring and position measureing were given detailed designing and implementing means. At last, did joint experiment of hardware and software, made the system running on the different conditions and tested the current、speed and position’s experiment results. The results prove that the designing system has good capabilities, and can achieve the anticipating aim.

　　The Design and Simulation Research of AC PMSM Servo System
　　This thesis particularly described the design of full digital AC servo system based on the PMSM(Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor). With discussing the difference among several control strategies and analyzing mathematical model of PMSM, the id = 0 vector control for the SPMSM had been chosen to be the strategy of this servo system. The theory of SVPWM and the ways of locating the PMSM’s rotor pole had been presented in this thesis. The establishing of the three loops servo system of PMSM which is based on the id = 0 vector control by use of the Saber Designer had also been introduced.The design of three loops servo system’s controllers was the key point of this thesis. With analyzing the function requirement of three loops servo system, as for the current loop, the author adopted PI controller to ensure the performance of speediness and anti-disturbance;
　　Considering the performance criterion of the velocity controller such as overshoot, regulating time, disturbance and precision, and the advantages and disadvantages of several kinds of controllers;As for the position loop,we chose the proportion and feedforward controller to satisfy the performance criterion of the locating precision , tracking precision and the range of overshoot. Then by the use of Saber Designer, we proved the arithmetic of controllers that we finally determined to be right.On the basis of the analysis of the theory and result of simulation, we designed the hardware and software of the full digital AC servo system. The hardware of the servo system could be divided into two parts, the first was the control circuit part and the other was the power circuit part. And the design of the galvanometry and photoelectric-encoder was the key point,While the content of software described the key design method and the flowchart of the software designing. The last paragraph of this thesis referred to the experiments of three loops of the servo system, the results of the experiment proved that the performance of the control system was satisfying, and validated the strategy that we had designed.

Finite Element Analysis and Research on PM Motor Rotor Mechanical Design

　　Finite Element Analysis and Research on PM Motor Rotor Mechanical Design
　　The mechanical calculation and design on PM motor is always performed after electrical design .In order to match the electrical design, the size is usually designed so weak that the motor can not work normally .This paper concerns a mechanical invalidation of rotor on a motor .Through the 2-D finite element analysis on the rotor of the PM motor, Ball Neodymium Magnets some valuable results are gained.Five parts of this thesis are included as follows:At first, the theories of elasto-plasticity including mises yielding criterion, loading condition are presented as the basic theories.Second, the application of FEM are stated, including the basic method and the basic analysis process as well as the variation principle and Ritz method. Some formulas of; numerical analysis on elasto-plasticity mechanics are also deduced here.Third, some of the basic concepts and principles relating to contact finite element analysis are presented. On the basis of the known research on the intensity of the rotor, the nonlinear contact finite element analysis is suggested. The analysis process and basic theory on FEA are importantly stated as the guideline to make the solve of analysis more approximately to the real case.Forth, the http://www.chinamagnets.biz/Neodymium/Ball-Neodymium-Magnets.php static analysis finite element models of a rotor including nonlinear contact are set up by understanding the underlying theory. Based on the FEA software ANSYS, the rotor’s stress and radial shift are acquired by 2-D coupled-filed FEM, with the consideration about coupled electromagnetic-mechanical problems. The improvement of rotor is also obtained from the analysis.At last, an experiment is designed to proof the FEA to be reliable.

The Design of AC Servo System and Its Monitor Software for the PMSM

　　The Design of AC Servo System and Its Monitor Software for the PMSM
　　With the development of power electronics and the technology of the motor manufactory, and the progress of theory of AC speed regulation and novel control strategy, the control system for PMSM has been widely used in several high- technical fields such as the electromechanical integration, robot, the automotive electronics and etc. The Ball Neodymium Magnets fully digital synchronous servo system that based on the technology of digital signal processing and high-performance control strategy, and make the PMSM as its executive motor, must be the tide of the servo system progress.This thesis has summarized the research situation and the tide of the development of the servo system in home and abroad.
　　Based on the design of the servo control system and its monitor software, the author has finished the works in this thesis as follow:First of all, introduced the notion and research status of the AC synchronous servo system in home and abroad; Then created the mathematical models of PMSM, described the vector control strategy, and determined the rotor magnet field oriented control strategy to be the final control strategy; Respectively introduced the control circuit and the power circuit of the servo system’s hardware. TMS320F2407A and MAX3128 were chosen http://www.chinamagnets.biz/Neodymium/Ball-Neodymium-Magnets.php as the core of the control part, and the IPM (Intelligent Power Module) produced by MITSUBISHI was chosen as the innermost device of the power part; Thirdly, described the design of the servo system’s software in CCS2.0 (a programming platform offered by Texas Instrument) based on the technology of mixed programming, and discussed the detail of mixed programming on DSPs; Finally, for the convenience of the operator’s modification of the parameters, the monitoring and analysis of the sampled data, and satisfying the demand of to be visible, we designed the monitor software of the servo system by the use of Visual C++6.0.

Research of HCB Novel Motor Operating Mechanism

　　Research of HCB Novel Motor Operating Mechanism
　　For high voltage circuit breaker, operation mechanism should fast response and have high opening and closing speed. Hydraulic mechanism and spring mechanism are used widely nowadays. But they are making up of complicated mechanism assembly, and parts is more, actuating mechanism complex, manufacturing technique requires higher, and moving procedure is uncontrolled. So, it is necessary for researching an operation mechanism with fewer parts, more simple construction, and moving procedure is controlled.In this paper, we analyzed the demand of novel motor operation mechanism and its driving motor for circuit breaker, compared the characteristics neodymium prices of different kinds of motors. The permanent magnetic brush-less motor is chosen as the driving motor of motor operation mechanism. According to the defects of existing operation mechanism, motor operation mechanism is designed for 40.5kV vacuum circuit breaker with which the model number is TD-40.5/1600-31.5. The relationships between the motor striking angle and contact stroke, the equivalent rotary inertia and counterforce characteristics during the motion of motor are gained after calculating the moving characteristics of motor operation mechanism. The preinstall stroke course of contactor is given according to the parameter of arc-chute. Calculate the dynamic characteristics of the circuit breaker as moving contactor moving with preinstall stroke course, the design standards of electric motor is given according to it.
　　The permanent magnetic brushless DC motor is improved reference the properties of short moving stroke, big counterforce and higher speed requirement and so on of CB operation mechanism, then the permanent magnetic brushless DC motor with finity rotate angle is designed. Not only the features of quicker responding and bigger torque of rare-earth http://www.999magnet.com/products/142-neodymium-prices permanent magnetic brushless DC motor are reserved, and the defect of commutating spark and structure complex of DC motor is overcomed due to the electronic commutation, meanwhile, the features of no excitation loss and high efficiency of permanent magnetic motor are acquired and the motor structure is no commutation, more simple and control easier. The designed motor are simulated by using finite element software. The results indicate that the design is reasonable and performance is reliable. And data processing method are adapted to analysis dynamic characteristics of motor operation mechanism.The analyzed results indicate that the motor operation mechanism are of high response, short opening and closing time, quick speed of opening and closing. It is not only fit for the capability requirement of circuit breaker, but also can improve the opening and closing capabilities of circuit breaker. The moving course can be controlled easily, and the intelligentize operation are realzed. The structure of novel motor operation mechanism is much simple. It is significance to improve the intelligence level by means of adding the servo control of motor to overcome the uncontrolled property.

Optimization and Simulation on Control System for Variable Frequency Air-conditioner Compressor

　　Optimization and Simulation on Control System for Variable Frequency Air-conditioner Compressor
　　With the greatest economic boom ever, energy consumption and environment protection have been the urgent issues for China. Being one of the main electricity consumers in family life, traditional air-conditioner has its drawbacks on energy saving and noise reduction. With the superiority on these drawbacks, the Variable Frequency Air-conditioner which always works at low-frequency is a development trend of air-conditioner.In recent years, AC Induction Motors have been widely used in the driver of air-conditioner, while Permanent Magnet Synchronous Cast Alnico Magnet Motors (PMSM) and Brushless DC Motors (BLDCM) are becoming more and more popular due to their high performance. Comparing to BLDCM, PMSM has its superiority on both of torque ripple and speed fluctuation. However, since PMSM has problems of low-speed torque ripple with vibration and noise, as well as hall sensors which cost a lot and is hard to maintain, Variable Frequency air-conditioner still faces the limitation of high cost and immature technology. Therefore, we propose an optimal control algorithm to suppress the low-speed torque ripple of PMSM, combining with the sensorless control solution.Starting from the model of PMSM, this paper firstly proposes an optimal control algorithm based http://www.chinamagnets.biz/Alnico/Cast-Alnico-Magnet.php on stator current to suppress the torque ripple in low speed region. Then, the sensorless drive system is realized by sensorless control algorithm. Besides, after analyzing the model and high order harmonics of BLDCM, the optimal control algorithm is extended to the torque ripple minimization of BLDCM. Simulation results on MATLAB have shown the effectiveness and practical availability of the proposed method.

抽油机用BLDCM控制及解析设计法研究

　　抽油机用BLDCM控制及解析设计法研究
　　The oil driller requires the driving motor to have high start torque and can be speed-adjusted easily. Due to the negative torque of the driller load, the BLDCM will rotate too high, which reduces the system’ s life.Based on the above question, single stroke motor-stopping method is proposed. By the self-study function of ANN LMS method, the motor-stopping point can be regulated to the best point, and the speed rebound will be the least. Simulation is made which confirms this method. Meanwhile, combined with single stroke motor-stopping method, the neodymium prices software and hardware of BLDCM control system is completed, but the feasibility of the single stroke motor-stopping method is not verified. The experiment result is satisfying.Normally the analysis and calculation of BLDCM is based on the ideal air gap magnetic field. The actual magnetic field is different from the ideal value, so the analysis and calculation result precision is not good. In order to analysis and calculate the BLDCM properly, the veracity of air gap magnetic field must be assured.
　　For the surface mounted BLDCM, this paper imports the air gap magnetic field analytical calculation model as the foundation of this kind of motor’ s analysis and calculation. Furthermore, these work is completed based on the analytical calculation method:1.The BLDCM electromagnetism calculation method based on air gap magnetic field analytical calculation is proposed. The design calculation precision is greatly improved to this kind of motor. And the experience coefficents are not needed, which is very important to this kind of motor’ s design and optimization. http://www.999magnet.com/products/142-neodymium-prices   2. The BLDCM field route coupling model is proposed, which provides reliable and accurate calculation method to calculation of motor characteristic parameters.3.The analytical calculation method of motor coil inductance parameter is provided. The inductance parameter can be calculated properly, which can provide reliable parameter to the field route coupling model.4. According to the field route coupling model, the DC bus current and the phase coil current are analyzed. The result shows that the average value of the two current are not the same, which must be considered in the motor design.

Research and Application of the Novel Control Strategy in AC Servo System

　　Research and Application of the Novel Control Strategy in AC Servo System
　　Because of several advantages, e.g. compact structure, high air-gap flux density and high torque capability, the permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSM) are broadly applied in high precision position servo system. The control performance is influenced by factors as the plant parameter variations, the external load disturbances, and the uncertainties or nonlinear dynamics.Based on the comprehensively deep research on the PMSM mathematic model, a novel control strategy, the active disturbance rejection controller (ADRC), is proposed to achieve high performance PMSM drive, which has great ability of adaptation and better performance against disturbance.
　　The active disturbance rejection strategy is independence of plant models. ADRC is composed of three parts: tracking differentiator extended state observer and nonlinear state error feed back control law. By using the extended state Alnico Magnets observer, the AC position servo system has stronger robustness, which can overcome nonlinearity and coupling of the parameters of PMSM. Also, it can surmount parameters excursion caused by temperature change. To compensate the disturbance caused by friction in the system and verify the high performance of ADRC, the principle of friction is researched and the Stribeck friction model is built in the thesis, and the model is used in the AC servo position system. A simulation model of AC position servo system is erected by MATLAB. Simulation results demonstrate ADRC has a fast responding speed, a high stable precision and robustness than the conventional PID controller.Control method of PMSM servo system without position and speed sensor is also presented in this paper on the basis of the active disturbance http://www.999magnet.com/products/108-alnico-magnets
 rejection concept. With the help of compensation by ADRC, the external load disturbances and the friction disturbances of the servo system on speed estimation are eliminated. The approach is implemented on the basis of MATLAB, and the performance of rotor position and speed tracking and the performance of robustness is verified by simulation results. Based on the work above, a AC position system including the DSP TMS320LF2407A is designed as the central department, and the monitor control system based on CAN bus is also developed.

Research on Application of State Observer in Servo Control System

　　Research on Application of State Observer in Servo Control System
　　With the rapid development of power electronic technology、micro-compter technology、rare-earth permanent magnetic materials and the control theory, permanent-magnet synchronous motor(PMSM) has been widely used in motion control system with low or medium capacity. However,the permanent-magnet synchronous servo system is easily Block neodymium magnet influenced by factors such as the changing parameters of the electrical machine, the disturbing effect from outside load and the sensor noise ect. People have to do some research on the advanced control strategies and control methods in order to acquire the high performance and low cost permanent-magnet synchronous servo system which has strong adaptability and the capacity of anti-disturbing. This paper is mainly centered about the research on high performance and low cost permanent-magnet synchronous servo system.
　　The mathematics model of the permanent-magnet synchronous motor (PMSM)in d-q reference frame is established , and the PMSM vector control strategy is analyzed and then the control method rotor field-orientation vector control of i d=0 is chosen. According to the automatic control theory, the components and the mathematics models of the permanent-magnet synchronous servo system are analyzed in detail, in accordance with the engineering design method of automatic control system adjustor ,the current loop and the velocity loop are designed. In order to meet the http://www.chinamagnets.biz/Neodymium/Block-neodymium-magnet.php needs of rapid dynamic respond and at the same time ,make the system has the strong ability of anti-disturbing and restraining the sensor noise, The state observer is introduced in the control system, the current loop state observer and the velocity loop state observer are set up respectively, by these means, the parameters such as the feedback current,position, velocity and the load torque can be estimated in advance. Based on these, The simulink design on the whole system under the simulink circumstance is proposed in this paper. In the simulink design, the relationship between the system’s dynamic performance and the parameters of the system adjustor and state observer are discussed detailedly; further more, how the adjustor and state observer’s parameters can influence the sensor noise are analyzed; the solving methods in system control are presented.The performance comparisons between the systems using digital filter and the state observer are given. The experimental results show that the system using the state observer has more excellent quality in tracking and anti-disturbing.

基于飞轮储能系统的永磁同步电机控制系统设计

　　基于飞轮储能系统的永磁同步电机控制系统设计
　　Embedded System is an integrated complex digital system. In the applications of embedded systems, the common way to deal with image acquisition and processing is to use embedded processor (ARM, PowerPC, etc.) and digital signal processor (DSP) or application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) to build the systems. SOPC (System On Programmable Chip) means on-chip system that can be programmed, or a large-scale FPGA-based single-chip system. The technology of design of SOPC is products of the modern computer-aided design technology, EDA technologies and large-scale integrated circuits’ developments. With the development of EDA technology, it is a trend that the programmable system on a chip become the control center of the data acquisition Ball Neodymium Magnets and processing system, particularly in the area of image acquisition and processing system. Because of the lower cost of FPGA, the parallel processing ability of hardware and the rich resources of IP core, the design can make use of its unique advantages of FPGA. The obvious advantage of SOPC based on the FPGA is that the design can be improved and upgrade without replacing chip; also the costs can be reduced and the reliability can be improved.The paper proposes a solution to image acquisition and processing using the FPGA. The system uses XC2VP30 , the Virtex series of chips of Xilinx company, which is embedded in the Microblaze soft processor IP core and peripheral hardware to construct the hareware of the system, and transplants uClinux operating system to construct software systems, and use hardware and software co-design approach during the development of the system.
　　The introduction of such systems architecture system that has a lot of advantages that because of FPGA the system has logic processing capability, such as the method of using the hardware logic to achieve the graphics acquisition and processing, has the advantage of achieving rapid image acquisition and JPEG compression, as well as making use of the the powerful uClinux operating system which can provides function of web server, file system and network transmission and so on.And the system can make use of the existing IP core systems for hardware design, such as Xilinx company’s IP Core of DDRRAM Controller, FLASH controller and the use of 8 bits soft core Picoblaze to design MT9V011 controller. On the other hand, during the design of the system the paper states the characteristics of the method of the hardware and software co-design, which is used in the development. http://www.chinamagnets.biz/Neodymium/Ball-Neodymium-Magnets.php   The method of Hardware and software co-design has changed the disadvantage of the traditional design that repeats modification to the system. Through a comprehensive analysis of the function of the combination of hardware and software ,the new method make the development of hardware and software be more closely, and greatly enhance the efficiency of design, also make the system design more optimized than the traditional design method.The paper describes the entire system design in the aspects of hardware and software. As to the system architecture, hardware and software co-design method is used for system design, and hardware and software division. In terms of hardware the system is divided based on the function of modules, including design for image acquisition system IP core, image processing hardware IP core, and the LED display or PS2 controller IP core . In terms of software the paper introduces transplant of the uClinux, the driver module design and design for the upper-class software and so on to clarify the features and ideas of the software design for the whole system.

小型化MRI永磁系统的设计

　　小型化MRI永磁系统的设计
　　There are many projects of magnet design in the nuclear magnetic resonance. But if applied both small and lightweight, even large areas,good stability, we face a series of problems. These problems mainly rely on the calculation of electromagnetic fields. These questions were elaborated in the paper, and then optimized the analysis of the programme, to Cast Alnico Magnet identify the best solution. The uniform regional magnetic field established in the external side of magnet is a brand-new question which the magnet design faces. The feasibility of magnetic miniaturization design was explored by a counter mixed numerical algorithm. Numerical algorithm is one two steps of algorithms, including direct matrix inversion for counting and secondary planning. The details of this numerical algorithm ,which was used to find a more successful combination of magnetic pieces unilateral permanent magnetism magnetic structures ,were described in the paper. Software simulation models by Maxwell 3D/2D http://www.chinamagnets.biz/Alnico/Cast-Alnico-Magnet.php and measurements show that the structure can be better applied in establishment of magnetic field area in the external side of magnet. Thus we can lay the ground work for miniaturization unilateral homogeneous field of conventional magnetic resonance imaging system.

The Study of Electroless Plating of Ni-Cr-P/Ni-P Complex Coating on Nd-Fe-B Magnet

　　The Study of Electroless Plating of Ni-Cr-P/Ni-P Complex Coating on Nd-Fe-B Magnet
　　Nd-Fe-B magnet, which possesses excellent magnetic properties andwas discovered by Japan and the USA in 1983, is a new type of permanentmagnetic material. Since the discovery, its research and application hasbeen hot spots of the study of magnetic materials. However, its poorcorrosion resistance limits its application range.
　　To improve the corrosionresistances of Nd-Fe-B type magnets, lots of attempts have been done,such as: other alloy elements additions and surface coatings.Among all surface coatings, amorphous Ni-P coating, whichpossesses more excellent neodymium prices mechanical, magnetic and anti-corrosionperformance over the crystal materials, may be one of the best. However,along with the development of science and technology, Ni-P coating cannot continue to fulfill the daily elevated anticorrosion request of modernindustry on Nd-Fe-B magnet. By adding chromic salt into the platingsolution of Ni-P coating, Ni-Cr-P coating can be fabricated. The process issimple and convenient, the coating also show better corrosion resistancethan Ni-P coating. But Ni-Cr-P coating also has its downsides, like lowercompactness and higher porosity rate. To combine the advantages of theseto coatings, the electroless plating technics of Ni-Cr-P/Ni-P complex coating is studied in this paper.First, the perpendicular experiment is used to select the opticaltechnical parameters of both alkaline and acidic Ni-P http://www.999magnet.com/products/142-neodymium-prices electroless plating.Structure analysis and performance testing shows that the Ni-P coating hashigh compactness and low porosity rate. It also shows great corrosionresistance in alkaline medium, but not so well in acidic medium.Then the perpendicular experiment is used to select the opticaltechnical parameters of Ni-Cr-P electroless plating. The effects oftemperature, pH valve and chromic salt concentration on depositionvelocity and corrosion resistance are also discussed. Structure analyses andperformance testing shows that the Ni-Cr-P coating has amorphousstructure, high compactness and low porosity rate.Finally, the structure and performances of several different complexcoating are studied and tested, also compared to the Ni-P coating. Theresults show that, the complex coating prepared by Ni-Cr-P electrolessplating (15min) and Ni-P acidic electroless plating (45min) has amorphousstructure, simple process and better anticorrosion performance in bothalkaline and acidic medium. A logical solution of the anticorrosion ofNd-Fe-B magnet has been offered.