2011年9月29日星期四

Topological design of new electromagnetic body

Title: Topological design of new electromagnetic body and optimization of Author: Jie Lou Degree-granting units: Shandong University Keywords: electromagnetic institutions;; topology design;; rapidity;; controllability;; sensitivity coefficient Abstract: Support the development of smart grid is one of the important technical foundation of intelligent high-voltage electrical appliances, including the implementation of intelligent operation circuit breakers,
The rapid nature of the electromagnetic Magnetic lifter body and controllability put a higher demand, which depends on the topology design of new electromagnetic institutions and Parameter Optimization
. In terms of the current research status, can be integrated quickly and controllability two levels, the topology of the magnetic body design and optimization analysis
Research methods to make the system work are rare. In this paper, the topology of the electromagnetic body to start to study the topology of four new institutions form of electromagnetic
Type, proposed a more systematic analysis of the topology design and optimization methods, the development of institutions for the new electromagnetic theory and technology laid the foundation.
The first type of fast electromagnetic repulsion for discoid body of theoretical analysis, based on the interaction between a single-turn coil of the electromagnetic derived relationship
Body dynamic analysis model and propose a time-based and displacement double-loop discrete iterative algorithm that can be used for repulsion-type disk
Institutions like the simulation of electromagnetic analysis and synthesis optimization. But to achieve real-time control of the body, these mathematical models and algorithms also
Appear to be relatively complex. View of the rotary motor control already has a more mature approach, this paper presents the fault-based permanent magnet motor control
Breaker actuator solutions. By analyzing the http://www.999magnet.com/products/131-magnetic-lifter rotation and linear motion conversion relations, and integrated with the single neuron PID control method,
Motion characteristics of the institution to establish the speed tracking control strategy for the realization of institutional control provides a method of flexible basis. However, due to electric
Machine's electromagnetic inertia and the mechanical transmission part of a larger inertia is not conducive to achieving the body fast. To combine the above
The advantages of two electromagnetic bodies, this paper presents a balance between speed of movement and control of the electromagnetic body - fast electromagnetic voice coil motor type
Institutions. Due to the relative permeability allows a small permanent magnet circuit inductance significantly reduced, while the use of symmetric differential compensation structure may ensure
Hold the equivalent inductance during exercise is essentially the same, which simplifies the organization of the analysis model. Based on analysis of electromagnetic and mechanical dynamics, using
Controlled voltage source equivalent to describe the body in the form of electromagnetic coupling with the mechanical properties of the complex relationship between the institutions to address the decoupling of electromagnetic analysis and
Control provides a new idea. PSIM software is built using the PWM based speed tracking control simulation model, simulation results show that
The use of power electronic devices and PWM control can be achieved organizations represent the basic operation of the collision-free closing rally, the best campaign song for the circuit breaker
Line tracking control method of laying the foundation. However, because there are core, permanent magnets and other large susceptible to external magnetic fields affect the performance of the material, by
Increase the agency's non-linear characteristics, the control accuracy is difficult to guarantee in a larger current. To overcome the use of non-linear organization
Magnetic material weaknesses, and taking into account the controllability of the organization topology design requirements, this paper studies nested around an anti-solenoid-type
New electromagnetic body. The fixed parts of the body and moving parts are the coil form, no core nor permanent. By analyzing the magnetic field coil
Transverse component of the distribution of the proposed concept to describe the interaction coefficient of the coupled model agency. In the case of determining the topology,
The role of the coefficient is a constant, the electromagnetic force that is proportional to the square with the current, which greatly simplifies the mathematical analysis of model agencies, agencies for the realization of
Controllable basis. Developed a physical prototype of the magnetic body, and carried out simulation and experimental study. Due to topology and
Limit the diversity of analytical methods, the traditional performance evaluation of the electromagnetic body to use more static evaluation, the lack of dynamic characteristics for the organization
Evaluation parameters. In this paper, electromagnetic equation, by analyzing the electromagnetic force and the relationship between control current and proposed sensitivity analysis of the electromagnetic force
Factor to quantitatively assess the current impact of the changes in electromagnetic force and electromagnetic kinematic controllability of the process. From the use of materials, topology
Structure and the electromagnetic force sensitivity, the magnetic bodies of the three dynamic performance were compared, that have greater value and is constant
Sensitivity coefficient of the electromagnetic body topology, in terms of speed and control with the development prospects. The article also detailed study of the repulsion type of discoid
Institutions around the nest and anti-electromagnetic solenoid type electromagnetic body interaction, that the topological relations between the two is a single-turn coil, respectively, along the path
And axial expansion of the formation of spatial structure, the former is about the maximum sensitivity coefficient is twice the latter, which is the topology of the electromagnetic body
Provides new methods and theoretical basis. Degree Year: 2009

2011年9月28日星期三

High-speed electro-hydraulic proportional valve research

Title: High-speed electro-hydraulic proportional valve research Author: bow Degree-granting units: Southwest Jiaotong University Keywords: electro-hydraulic proportional valve;; Dynamic power - mechanical converter;; frequency;; CFD;; Unified Modeling;; parameter estimation Abstract: Electro-hydraulic proportional valve is electro-hydraulic proportional control technology, the core component, it is the traditional hydraulic control valves for industrial use, based on the use of model
Be-electrical - mechanical conversion devices, Magnetic lifter the electrical signal is converted to the displacement signal, the input electrical signal according to instructions, continuous proportional control of fluid
Pressure system flow pressure, flow or direction of the other parameters. Electro-hydraulic proportional valve and servo control system servo valve, although the
Performance in some areas there is a gap. However, the significant advantage of anti-pollution ability, reduced work due to pollution caused by
For failure to improve the hydraulic system stability and reliability, so more suitable for industrial processes. On the other hand, the cost of proportional valve
Lower than the servo valve, and does not contain sensitive and sophisticated components, easier operation and maintenance, has in many occasions to obtain a wide range of hydraulic control
Application. However, the conventional electro-hydraulic proportional valve is a proportional solenoid, as the electric drive - liquid signal components, due to their inherent characteristics
Of restrictions, leading to electro-hydraulic proportional valve response time, whether or not the response speed is very fast. Faster response, traffic has been more
Small. To this end, we propose high-speed http://www.999magnet.com/products/131-magnetic-lifter electro-hydraulic proportional valve. High-speed electro-hydraulic proportional valve hydraulic control system to achieve flow direction and flow
Volume control, electro-hydraulic proportional control system to meet the high-speed, high precision, high-volume, low cost and comprehensive anti-pollution requirements. High-speed electric
Proportional valve using moving coil electric - mechanical converter as the electrical drive - mechanical conversion element, a good control performance, some performance refers to the
Standard to meet or exceed the servo valve. First of all, for the conventional moving-coil electrical - mechanical converter of the electromagnetic force, response time and
Response speed for lack of performance, from its central part - the permanent magnet structure to start, compared to a single permanent magnet magnetized in different technologies and more
A permanent magnet array of different magnetic structures, a novel permanent magnet magnetic field along the magnetization direction of magnetic field lines, eight air gap tile
Halbach magnetic array type moving coil electrical - mechanical converter. Through the design of moving-coil electrical - mechanical converter static magnetic field parameters
Of the magnetic field, transient magnetic field, temperature field, eddy current magnetic field, power losses and the analysis of skin effect, etc., show that the moving coil electric - machine conversion
Device has a good dynamic and static performance, regardless of the electromagnetic force, or the response time and response speed than the conventional structure has greatly improved.
Then, from the ultra-high-speed electro-hydraulic proportional valve hydraulic part of the start, according to its structure and principles, combined with the power bond graph method and the CFD calculation, sub-
Analysis of the ultra high-speed direct-acting electro-hydraulic proportional pilot valve, superimposed one-way throttle valve and master the static and dynamic features, obtain high-speed electric
Hydraulic proportional valve mechanism of high-frequency and fast response. Then, for the conventional electro-hydraulic proportional valve model limitations, including a variety of non-linear according to
Characteristics of the hole flow equation for ultra-high-speed electro-hydraulic proportional valve to establish a unified model of nonlinear mathematical equations. Obtain information on the geometric properties of spool
And physical model parameters on flow through the proportional valve port relationship, to be able to cover the analysis is negative and zero cover flow proportional valve cover
Quantity equation, then flow is expressed as a parameter on the valve cover and other conventional parameters of a continuous nonlinear function. Meanwhile, the ultra-high-speed electric
Proportional valve unified model of non-dimensional analysis shows that the model's accuracy independent of the model parameters, a unified model of the error is only dependent on the
Hydraulic damping. To ensure high-speed electro-hydraulic proportional valve, reliable performance, the importance of monitoring critical parameters proportional valve, to determine the fault
Is displayed. However, the proportional valve operation, direct measurement of some parameters will be very difficult. In this paper, three parameters estimated
Design methods, the general least squares, maximum likelihood estimation and fuzzy RBF network method to estimate the proportion of high-speed direct-acting electro-hydraulic pilot
Valve spring stiffness. Estimates and actual results or less, indicating that these three methods is feasible. Finally, through the ultra-
High-speed electro-hydraulic proportional pilot valve direct-acting experimental study, we can see the results of experimental and simulation results are basically consistent, indicating that the design of electro-hydraulic proportional
Valve with a high frequency and fast response characteristics, can meet the high-speed electro-hydraulic proportional control technology requirements. Degree Year: 2009

top of the low-latitude ionospheric O market research to the diffusion flux

Title: top of the low-latitude ionospheric O ~ + market research to the diffusion flux Author: Chen Guangming Degree-granting units: Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Space Science and Applied Research Center) Keywords: top ionosphere;; diffusion flux;; occultation;; incoherent scatter radar;; electron density;; atmospheric density Abstract: This paper consists of two parts of the Magnetic lifter content, the top of the first part of the ionosphere to the diffusion flux of O + field studies, respectively, of CHAMP
COSMIC constellation of satellites and Research longevity of solar activity and solar activity was low diffusion flux in the low magnetic latitude statistical characteristics, but also benefit
With incoherent scatter radar data analysis of the magnetic storm the top of the ionosphere at mid-latitude flux diffusion characteristics; second part of the analysis of the CHAMP Health
The in situ observations and satellite data, including atmospheric density, electron density, electron temperature, atmospheric density presented inversion method, and had close
Degree models of the initial exploration, this part has a strong application. Part I: at the top of ionospheric O + field study of the diffusion flux
. Diffusion fluxes, and plasma layer of the ionosphere / inner magnetosphere coupling dynamics and quality of research is very important, the electrical
Ionosphere and thermosphere coupling study of the dynamics is also important, but also help people to analyze clearly the role of ambipolar diffusion and neutral wind
, Electric field and the chemical processes and other physical processes of the relative impact of ionospheric structure size. Diffusion flux is still a lot of global ionospheric
- Hot on the boundary layer model one http://www.999magnet.com/products/131-magnetic-lifter of the conditions necessary, such as the NCAR-TIEGCM and TING model. (1) the use of CHAMP satellite data study
Study of solar activity longevity at the top of ionospheric O + field statistical characteristics of the diffusion flux. This paper from the plasma motion equation, with CHAMP Health
Star of the electron density profile data, combined with empirical models IRI2007 and NRLMSISE00, calculated at the top of the ionosphere to the diffusion rate of O + field and
Diffusion flux, and analyzed in January 2002 - December 2003 period the rate of diffusion of low latitude magnetic flux and diffusion characteristics. Results Table
That, in low magnetic latitudes, hmF2 +100 km altitude, the average spread rate of about -15 ms-1 ~ 25 ms-1; daytime plasma
Diffusion rate from the downward direction with height (poloidal) and gradually turned up (to the equator), the height of the direction of change left in hmF2 +50 km
Right. In magnetic latitude and upward diffusion flux and diffusion velocity maximum at noon. During the day, the magnetic latitude ± 25 ° around the region had the largest
Upward plasma diffusion flux and magnetic flux of the equatorial region of the plasma is very small. In the O + diffusion flux points on the magnetic equator of the basic
That the winter hemisphere significantly larger than the plasma diffusion flux of the summer hemisphere. (2) the use of COSMIC satellite data to study solar
Low activity in the top of the ionosphere to the diffusion flux of O + field statistical characteristics. The use of COSMIC occultation data of the first 300 days in 2006 to
In 2007 the first 300 days at the top of ionospheric O + field to the diffusion rate and diffusion fluxes, and analysis of their global distribution and diurnal variation. During the day
Higher altitudes (hmF2 +80 km above), the latitude plasma diffusion speed up; at night, the direction of the diffusion rate down. In white
Days of high altitude, in the north and south magnetic latitude 10 ° ~ 20 ° about the existence of the direction of maximum diffusion rate and the upward diffusion flux; and at night, in the
North and south magnetic latitude 30 ° ~ 40 ° or so, there is the direction of maximum diffusion rate and the downward diffusion flux. In sub-point, spread through the northern and southern hemispheres
Volume and diffusion rate roughly symmetrical, and in to the point, the diffusion flux of the northern and southern hemispheres there is a clear asymmetry, the higher high during the day
Degree (such as hmF2 +80 km above), the low-latitude summer hemisphere in the rate of diffusion and the diffusion flux was significantly higher than the winter hemisphere, and to the point at
Lower altitudes (such as hmF2 +50 km), there is no such feature, even in winter hemisphere diffusion rate is also higher than the summer hemisphere. Other
, The diffusion rate of different latitudes have different diurnal variation. CHAMP and COSMIC data through data comparison of research results, development
Low solar activity is now spread through the years, the maximum value is less than the value of longevity of solar activity. (3) the use of incoherent scatter radar data
O + diffusion flux when the magnetic storm of variation. In this paper, Millstone Hill incoherent scatter radar (288.5 ° E, 42.6 ° N) concept
Measured electron density, electron temperature and ion temperature profiles to calculate the diffusion flux, and the two magnetic storms in October 2002 during the ionization
Layer diffusion flux, diffusion rate and the variation of relevant parameters were analyzed. Found in the 500 km altitude, the two main storm
Phase during the upward diffusion flux during the day significantly reduced, at night down the diffusion flux increased significantly; storm recovery phase in the two phase
, The night quiet period observed smaller than the diffusion rate during certain hours or even its direction to upward. Part II: the use of
CHAMP satellite observations in situ thermal and ionospheric research. (1) atmospheric density studies. Describes the use of
Of CHAMP accelerometer data and related measurements inversion method of upper atmosphere density and try to use the data to establish the density of the atmosphere
Empirical models. As more satellites containing accelerometers running, the findings have broad application prospects.
(2) electron temperature and electron density studies. Langmuir probe using CHAMP satellite observations, analysis of the electron temperature and electron density
Year variation and their relationship with solar activity. Degree Year: 2009

Earth's magnetotail current sheet structure of the magnetic field

Title: Earth's magnetotail current sheet structure of the magnetic field Author: Zhao Rong Jin Degree-granting units: Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Space Science and Applied Research Center) Keywords: magnetic field geometry;; standard current sheet;; flat current sheet;; tilted current sheet;; current sheet flapping Abstract: In this paper the magnetic field using Magnetic lifter Cluster multi-point detection and related data analysis, a more systematic study of the magnetotail current sheet
In the magnetic field geometry characteristics and distribution, access to a rich and valuable research results. The main results of this paper is as follows
. 1 flat current sheet magnetic field geometry and spatial distribution of component features, the movement of charged particles and their corresponding characteristics.
The results show that the magnetic field component in the flat current sheet is generally stronger than the weight, spiral-shaped magnetic field structure (where L is the corresponding structure,
The D-structure on the bear), the current density mainly towards dusk, the field more obvious to the component. Current sheet normal along the north-south direction. Neutral sheet and a half
Thickness less than the minimum radius of curvature of magnetic field lines. The electron motion is adiabatic, and the movement of non-adiabatic ion current density of the main
Carriers are electrons. Statistical studies have shown that the current film is generally flat with the interplanetary magnetic field component is the same number, but sometimes stronger than the latter
. This shows that the flat portion from the current sheet in interplanetary, some from the current sheet of other physical processes. Flat current
The emergence of film and the local time http://www.999magnet.com/products/131-magnetic-lifter and substorm activity phase has nothing to do. Flat area in the current film at midnight, in the neutral sheet to reach the strongest, and in the current
Sheet boundary layer and lobe is relatively weak, on the current sheet center was "quasi-symmetric" distribution (the distribution of the levy). The flat area in the non-midnight
Current sheet, by the expansion of the magnetic tail effect, was "asymmetric" distribution. Farther away from the midnight zone, "asymmetric" distribution of the more significant.
2. Inclined current sheet magnetic field geometry characteristics and physical characteristics of the current sheet flapping and trigger mechanism of. The results show that, for the tilt
Structural characteristics of the current sheet magnetic field observations: (1) tilted current sheet magnetic field lines within the current sheet structure and the standard structure of the magnetic field lines is the same,
But magnetic field lines between the slip occurred. (2) in the neutral sheet, the intense magnetic field rotation. Minimum radius of curvature of the magnetic field, the neutral sheet
Half-thickness, and current sheet tilt angle of sliding Rcminh?, Similar to satisfy the three relations h? Cos? (3). In the neutral sheet, the current density
Generally achieve the strongest, showed a single peak structure, field and weight to the more obvious components. And the more current sheet tilt, the stronger the current density, field components and to
Component of the more obvious. In some cases, the neutral sheet current density on the center of a bimodal or asymmetric distribution. For the current sheet flapping special
Of: (1) kinetic energy of the formation of current sheet film magnetic fluctuations from the end of twilight to midnight on both sides spread. JB direction of its spread can be more easily by the magnetic field gradient
Determine the degree of direction. There are also local steady-state current sheet flapping, but not the formation of wave propagation. Current sheet flapping often makes
Current sheet at the local tilt within a current sheet. (2) the current sheet flapping in the process, the satellite continuously through the current sheet, current density
Field component to the component and the sign was a quasi-periodically alternating. (3) flapping wave phase speed is usually tens of km / s, wavelength of several
So. Within the magnetotail current sheet flapping synchronous communication. Flapping wave substorm activity occurred with no significant relationship between duration
Can be up to several hours. Chip shot on the current management mechanism of the animal that the magnetotail current sheet flapping magnetotail magnetic field is intrinsic vibration of large-scale
Swing, the process is likely to trigger up and down movement with the plasma flow. Accordingly, this current sheet flapping on the trigger and dissemination process
Give a qualitative description of the physical image. 3 current sheet flapping analytical characteristics of the magnetic field structure. According to the magnetic current sheet flapping
Field geometry of the observed facts, by analogy to the standard magnetic field distribution of Harris current sheet, this paper has been flapping current sheet magnetic field distribution
Approximate model, and thus systematic quantitative analysis of the magnetic field and current sheet flapping related physical characteristics of the overall distribution. The use of magnetic spin
Transfer analysis, the paper also received a magnetic field line curvature and neutral sheet half-thickness distribution and the physical relationship between the two. The model
Simulation and satellite observations consistent with the actual observations, which also shows the magnetic field model of the structure is reasonable, its theoretical analysis there is a certain
Value. 4. Magnetotail current sheet magnetic field distribution of the statistical analysis. In the 2001-2005 Cluster magnetotail current sheet during magnetic
Field of statistical analysis showed that the current sheet center of the magnetic field strength and weight at midnight in the magnetotail region is usually weak, and in the magnetosphere morning, dusk
Both sides of the generally strong, indicating that the thin current sheet region at midnight, and in the morning, faint on both sides of the current sheet thick. In the twilight on both sides, making the current sheet
Violent action, especially in the morning side of the worst, and at midnight of the current sheet flapping area is relatively the weakest. 21:00-01:00 in the range of magnetic local time, negative and flat
Greater chance of emergence of the current sheet, magnetic reconnection or current disruption and other activities more likely to occur. Magnetotail current sheet tilt component and magnetic field lines
Angle frequency distribution are approximately normally distributed, the odds of a flat current sheet is the standard current sheet about 1 / 3; and magnetic field strength and sub-
Volume was mainly distributed in 1 ~ 10nT range. Y component of the current strength of the film is approximately 1AU y component of the interplanetary magnetic field at the double, both
The correlation coefficients are particularly high for a flat current sheet, which indicates that the size of the current sheet B y and symbols vulnerable component of the interplanetary magnetic field B y loaded
Department of factors. Degree Year: 2009

ferromagnetic metal, dilute magnetic semiconductors and semiconductor quantum dots in the spectra of spintronics

Title: ferromagnetic metal, dilute magnetic semiconductors and semiconductor quantum dots in the spectra of spintronics Author: Xiong Hui Degree-granting units: Fudan University Keywords: spin rectification effect;; microwave photovoltage;; single crystal iron film;; GaMnAs films;; magnetic semiconductor;; semiconductor quantum dots;; significant
Fluorescence micro- Abstract:
Magnetic materials in microwave photovoltage Magnetic lifter discovery makes it finally found a use of means of electron spin to generate electricity, while it
Related to the traditional static magnetic and spin dynamics of the relationship between the problem opens up new research directions. In this paper, we
First discuss the molecular beam epitaxy of single crystal Fe film samples by using microwave technology, optical voltage electrical methods to detect the ferromagnetic resonance
Possibilities. To describe the experimental results, we have extended to the spin rectification Moxing the presence of magnetic anisotropy of the case, fitting results show
With the known Fe films on the theory of ferromagnetic resonance line very well and which accurately reproduce the magnetic anisotropy, demonstrated
The technology and the expansion of broad applicability. Further, through the analysis we found that the magnetic moment precession of the phase information can be
Read out the voltage of the linear light, which makes the technology could be used to detect the magnetic phase-related dynamics, and thus the current
Spintronics device design and http://www.999magnet.com/products/131-magnetic-lifter applications are of great significance. Then we switch to the study of ferromagnetic semiconductor system
GaMnAs film. By microwave photovoltage technique in which we systematically measured the ferromagnetic resonance changes with temperature, in order to spin
Rectifier model extended to the case of magnetization perpendicular to film surface, we derive a different magnetic state photovoltage general formula, derived from results
Results and experimental data fit well. Pd exchange interaction in a dynamic theoretical framework, we discuss the experimental magnetic moment of g by
Son, Gilberto attenuation and non-uniform ferromagnetic resonance line broadening temperature dependence, which reflects the self-consistent body of GaMnAs
Department of the origin of the ferromagnetic phase of the Zener model of nature. Further, the experimental low-field range of light that show unusual voltage hysteresis
Behavior by Stoner-Wohlfarth model, we follow the static magnetic nucleation process described in this phenomenon be attributed to magnetic
Of the strength of the hysteresis behavior of the vector itself, and magneto-transport measurements of the hysteresis voltage-independent and light reveals the stark contrast between the magnetic
Moment of the importance of phase precession. Accordingly, we determine not only microwave ray-voltage technology to efficiently detect the spin excitation, but also for complex
Magnetostatics process for in-depth research.
The other hand, semiconductor quantum dots as the representative of a small quantum structure of the exact spin
The object of regulation provides a good environment. The use of microscopic fluorescence spectroscopy, semiconductor quantum dot system we have in the spin-dependent exciton
Energy state and done a study of the interaction. First, we reported that according to a single InAs / GaAs quantum dot exciton energy levels with changes in the magnetic field
InAs quantum dots obtained in the exciton g-factor with its energy dependence, and thus to explore the importance of quantum-dot process parameters. Then
Next we switch to the CdSe / ZnSe quantum dots system. Of Mn-doped samples, to the introduction of the sd exchange interaction induced giant
Zeeman effect without significantly sacrificing the efficiency of fluorescent quantum dots, we have designed a CdSe / (3 monolayers) ZnMnSe / ZnSe the
Sandwich structure, experiments show that its quantum efficiency is much higher than the CdSe / ZnMnSe structure. According to spectral characteristics, we propose a different
Reported before the photoexcited carrier relaxation channels. For non-doped sample, in order to study the coupling effect between points, we prepared the amount of
Sub-point elements (for the double quantum dot structure) samples, and through the ground state of exciton splitting confirms the importance of the quantum coupling effect. Through
Through analogy with the Bell entangled state, we use a single spin state model explain the experimental results. Experimental and calculated results are shown as the points between
From the reduction of the quantum coupling effect increases, the fluorescence peak and led to the overall redshift. Further, by detecting a single
CdSe / ZnSe quantum of the fine spectral structure, we studied a variety of small energy scales of spin-related interaction forms, including
Charged exciton states in the Coulomb interaction, electron - hole exchange interaction and exciton spin - nuclear spin hyperfine interaction between. Degree Year: 2009

Magnetic-doped ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductors First-principles calculations

Title: Magnetic-doped ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductors First-principles calculations Author: LIANG Pei Degree-granting units: Huazhong University of Science and Technology Keywords: Spintronics;; ZnO;; magnetic semiconductor;; co-doping technology;; first-principles calculations;; electronic structure;; Monte Carlo method
;; Curie temperature Abstract:
Spintronics is the use of electronic neodymium magnets charge and spin two degrees of freedom as an information carrier, so as to realize information transmission, processing
And storage, has become the electronics, physics and materials research in the interdisciplinary one of the hot, dilute magnetic materials as a key
Semiconductor research concern. View of the zinc oxide semiconductor material as the parent diluted magnetic semiconductors is possible to achieve a high doping concentration
And the doping ion 3d band can be intrinsic defect states and produce a strong ferromagnetic coupling. Therefore, ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductors
Preferred research system. Combined with a high Curie temperature for the analysis of dilute magnetic semiconductors and diluted magnetic semiconductor production mechanism within the magnetic
The two key scientific issues, this paper is mainly based on first-principles density functional calculation of diluted magnetic semiconductor ZnO electronic structure
And analysis and interpretation of its mechanism of magnetic origin. On this basis, research and first-principles Monte Carlo method to calculate the coupled integration
ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductors, the http://www.chinamagnets.biz/Neodymium/Ball-Neodymium-Magnets.php Curie temperature, Curie temperature of the control methods, focusing on different single system for the undoped and doped ZnO
Dilute magnetic semiconductors and magnetic properties of the mechanism.
First, to clarify the use of first-principles pseudopotential plane-wave method and the full potential -
Augmented plane wave method ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductor based electronic structure theory and calculation program, from the perspective of oxide magnetic band
Of semiconductor transition metal coupling, the mechanism to explain the basis of magnetic origin. Further use of first-principles and Monte
Carlo coupled integration algorithm to predict the Curie temperature of different computing systems to study the regulation and control methods.
Secondly, the use of full potential
- Linearized augmented plane wave method in the generalized gradient approximation calculations of the carbon-doped ZnO single electronic structure. The results show that carbon-doped In-O-
Home or in the magnetic gap position will lead and whether it is interstitial doping or doping system has replaced half metallic,
Theoretically has a high spin polarization. Using first-principles and Monte Carlo methods to obtain the coupled carbon-doped ZnO Curie
Temperature at different doping concentrations, the Curie temperature between 251 ~ 439 K distribution. It is suggested that a single carbon-doped ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductors
In a suitable preparation conditions, can be ferromagnetic at room temperature.
Use the full potential - linearized augmented plane wave method in the Coulomb potential repair
Is, the calculation of the neodymium-doped ZnO and its single, respectively, with a V_ (Zn) and a V_o electronic structure and magnetic properties. That contains
V_ (Zn) deficiencies of neodymium-doped ZnO may have a higher Curie temperature, without any intrinsic defects showed a paramagnetic, with
There V_o system with weak antiferromagnetic coupling. For with V_ (Zn) deficiencies of the system of its magnetic origin, the use of bound polaron mechanism
Accordingly interpreted.
Finally, the study of transition metal - metal doped ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductor systems for the effects of sub-
Analysis of the magnetic exchange interaction of carriers generated regulatory mechanism. Studied the Co-Al-doped ZnO system, through the introduction of Al atoms to achieve a total
Anti-doping system ferromagnetic to ferromagnetic transition. Mainly due to the origin of ferromagnetism under the control of unwanted e-e-Al-2p and neighbor
The Co-3d electron interaction, leading to a system of magnetic interactions in line with its carrier-control pd exchange model. Fe-Al
The calculations show that the doped ZnO system, Fe-doped ZnO system in the ground state shows antiferromagnetic, when the introduction of Al atoms, Al is the most
Neighbor Fe-doped ZnO doping system is to achieve a state of the antiferromagnetic to ferromagnetic transition, this time Al-2p electrons and Fe-3d electrons do not occur as
Used, the production of ferromagnetic long-range exchange interaction is RKKY.
Studied the Cu-N transition metal - nonmetal doped ZnO dilute magnetic semiconductor body
Department of carrier-control mechanism, through the introduction of N atoms, N-2p and Cu-3d exchange interaction occurred, the exchange interaction makes the doped system
System more stable. Both before and after the doping, the system is still top of the valence band are occupied O-2p electron in the conduction band top in the Cu-3d e
And 4s electrons to occupy most of the state. Carrier-control model is used to explain the origin of magnetism, due to the incorporation of N makes the body doping
Lines to increase the number of carriers, magnetic ion exchange interaction between free carriers through is passed, leading to a system of magnetic ordering
.
Further study of the transition metal - non-metallic co-doped system the Curie temperature control method and mechanism. Mn-N that were
Doping in the success achieved under the ferromagnetic ground state transition. From the Heisenberg model and mean field theory and the first use of Monte Carlo
Principle of the method of co-doped system can be predicted with room temperature ferromagnetism.
In short, by first-principles and Monte Carlo
Coupled integration method to calculate the single-doped and codoped several typical system, indicating that its mechanism is different, which explains the rare
The origin of magnetic semiconductors and magnetic Curie temperature (T_c) to improve the channels for doped ZnO diluted magnetic semiconductor design process provides a practical side
To. Degree Year: 2009

2011年9月27日星期二

多羧酸配体金属配位聚合物的设计、合成、结构及性质的研究

题名:多羧酸配体金属配位聚合物的设计、合成、结构及性质的研究
作者:马景新
学位授予单位:兰州大学
关键词:金属配位聚合物;;多羧酸;;荧光性质;;磁性质
摘要:
 作为一种新型分子功能材料,金属配位聚合物(MCPs)以其良好的结构可裁性和易功能化的
特性已经成为配位化学和材料化学领域的研究热点之一。目前,人们已经能够利用金属配位聚合物
的晶体工程学在一定程度上控制过Neodymium Magnets渡金属配位聚合物结构。同时,还可以通过选择功能性的中心金
属离子和具有功能官能团的有机配体赋予目标金属配位聚合物以光、电、磁等功能。但相对于过渡
金属配位聚合物,稀土金属配位聚合物和d-f金属配位聚合物在合成上是面临很大挑战的,这是由稀
土离子在配位化学上的特性所决定的。考虑到稀土离子易与羧基结合加之多羧酸丰富多彩的配位连
接方式,本文开展了以多羧酸为配体,以设计和合成稀土金属配位聚合物和d-f金属配位聚合物为主
要目的的研究工作。同时也相应的研究了所合成化合物的光、磁和客体分子交换等性质。
 全文共
分八个部分:
 一、简要地介绍了金属配位http://www.everbeenmagnet.com/en/products/110-sintered-neodymium-magnets聚合物的基本概念及其发展过程和当前国内外最新的
研究进展。
 二、参照乙二胺四乙酸(H_4EDTA)的结构设计合成了配体2,2′,2″,2′″-[2,5-
二甲基-1,4-苯甲基二次氨基]四乙酸(H_4DPNT),同时合成了该配体与Cu(Ⅱ)离子的金属配位聚合物
:{[Cu_4(DPNT)_2(H_2O)_8]·4H_2O}_n(2a),并研究了此化合物的电化学性质。
 三、通过水热原
位反应合成出了两个结构新颖的稀土金属配位聚合物:{[Ln(C_2O_4)(ClO_4)(H_2O)]·Cl}_n
[Ln=Pr(3a)和Nd(3b)],结构研究表明这两个稀土金属配位聚合物均含有一维孔道和罕见的四齿配位
的高氯酸根。
 四、以硫代二乙酸(H_2TDGA)为配体,通过分步结晶的办法合成出了三个以双核稀
土离子簇为二级结构单元(SBU)的稀土金属配位聚合物:{[Ln_2(TDGA)_3(H_2O)_5]·2H_2O}[Ln=Eu
(4a),Gd(4b)和Tb(4c)],同时分别研究了4a和4c的荧光性质及4b磁性。
 五、在水热合成条件下以
2,5-吡啶二甲酸(H_2PYDC)为配体合成出了两个结构新颖的3d-4f金属配位聚合物:{[Ln_2Cu(PYDC)
_4(H_2O)_6]·2H_2O}_n[Ln=Eu(5a)和Gd(5b)],结构研究表明这两个化合物都具有三维开放的网络
结构。
 六、以“金属配体”为连接单元,以亚氨基二乙酸(H_2IDA)为配体合成了四个3d-4f金属配
位聚合物:{[Ln_2Cu_3(IDA)_6]·1.5H_2O}_n[Ln=Pr(6a),Tb(6b),Dy(6c)和Er(6d)],结构显示这四
个化合物都具有一维孔道。热重和X射线粉末衍射研究表明它们都具有热稳定性很好的主体框架结
构,同时研究了6b的客体水分子呼吸性及6c的磁性。
 七、以“金属配体”为连接单元,以氨三乙
酸(H_3NTA)为配体合成了结构新颖的3s-3d-4f金属配位聚合物:{[Na_5Cu_8Sm_4(NTA)_8(ClO_4)_8
(H_2O)_(22)]·ClO_48H_2O}_n(7a),结构分析显示此化合物以十七核杂金属簇为二级结构单元
(SBU),具有互穿插一维孔道。同时还研究了其磁性质及离子交换性质。
 八、以氧代二乙酸
(H_2ODA)为配体,以稀土“金属配体”为二级结构单元(SBU)合成了八个4d-4f金属配位聚合物:
{[Ln_2Cd_3(ODA)_6(H_2O)_6]·6H_2O}_n[Ln=La(8a),Pr(8b),Nd(8c),Sm(8d),Eu(8e),Gd(8f),Tb
(8g),Dy(8h)],结构显示这八个化合物具有一维孔道。热重和X射线粉末衍射研究表明它们都具热稳
定性极好的主体骨架结构和客体分子呼吸性,同时研究了8e、8f、8g的荧光性质和8f、8g、8h的磁
性质。
学位年度:2009

人工电磁材料及其在亚波长集成光学中的应用

题名:人工电磁材料及其在亚波长集成光学中的应用
作者:杜骏杰
学位授予单位:复旦大学
关键词:亚波长集成光学;;奇异电磁材料;;表面等离子体;;高折射率对比;;多重散射理论;;介质粒
子波导;;近场耦合;;磁共振;;开口圆柱共振器
摘要:
 电磁装置正从传统的大于或等于波长的尺度向亚波长尺度发展,一些现象甚至能在几十纳
米的装置中实现。人们期望能够集成表Neodymium Magnets面等离子体的,电子的和传统的光学装置于同一个芯片中,使
他们各自的优点得到充分的发挥。进一步地,全光控制的集成光路也成为人们的梦想。这使古老的
电磁理论再次引起人们的极大关注,相关研究层出不穷。当然,电磁现象研究的这些新进展得益于过
去二十多年里理论与实验的突破性进展。
 理论上,光子晶体的提出让人们看到了人工电磁材料
在调控电磁波方面的巨大潜力。光子晶体展现了众多独特的现象,这包括抑制自发辐射,以及利用其
特性制作的全方位的反射镜,光子晶体光纤以及单向波导等。此后,奇异电磁材料(Meta-material)
可以构造出等效的负磁导率,从而实现双负折射,也可以通过介电常数和磁导率的复杂空间分布实现
电磁隐身。光子晶体中晶格周期通常在半波长的尺度范围内,相比较,奇异电磁材料主要取决于单个
散射体的共振,而与周期性关系不大。这些单个散射体的尺寸远小于入射波长,以便于均匀化能够在
奇异电磁材料中利用。为了http://www.everbeenmagnet.com/en/products/110-sintered-neodymium-magnets在亚波长集成光学中取得应用,需要在亚波长尺度内操控电磁波,特别是
光通讯波段和可见光波段的电磁波。表面等离子体因在这方面的优势而被广泛探讨,这一领域已被
称为表面等离子体光子学。表面等离子体可以将光局域在金属表面非常小的范围内,而在两边的媒
质中指数衰减。这使得表面等离子体可以在亚波长结构中局域和指导光,由此制成的亚波长元件可
能在微型化的光电回路得到应用。
 实验上,微纳米加工技术的日益成熟为人工电磁材料走向应用
提供了可能,同时也刺激更多的研究组探讨微纳米结构与电磁波的相互作用。
 表面等离子体被
局域在金属表面,但局域程度越强电磁能量被金属吸收的越多。自然界存在的金属中,几种贵重金属
如金和银的吸收最小,但表面等离子体的能量在其表面仍损耗很大,这大大限制了表面等离子体光学
器件的应用。我们以金属粒子等离子体波导为例,波导模式能够在这种波导中存在的原因是金属粒
子能够支持局域的表面等离子体共振,这是一种亚波长共振。高折射率介质粒子也能够支持亚波长
共振,因此我们期盼这些介质粒子排列而成的链也支持类似的波导模式。但一些高率介质材料能够
有可忽略的吸收,损耗远低于贵重金属材料。本文中我们将探讨由高折射率介质粒子链形成的波导
的光学性质,由于其微型化和低耗的特性,这种波导很有吸引力。
 开口环及各种变形结构,
是奇异电磁理论中主要的结构单元。开口环能够在其磁共振附近对某些极化的电磁波实现负的磁导
率。但直到现在,仍没有严格的解析途径来求解其磁共振。本文中我们基于Mie散射理论严格计算了
开口圆柱共振器的电磁散射问题,给出了磁共振的严格解,同时我们也从LC共振出发给出一个很好的
经验公式。
 本文结构如下:在第一和第二章,我们将分别简单介绍相关的背景知识和本文中用
到的研究方法,第三章我们研究光在高折射率介质粒子制成的波导中的亚波长传输特性,第四章研究
开口圆柱共振器的磁共振,第五章我们对整个论文作了简短的总结。
学位年度:2009

磁控溅射纳米多层膜替代电镀铬涂层的研究

题名:磁控溅射纳米多层膜替代电镀铬涂层的研究
作者:张治国
学位授予单位:大连理工大学
关键词:磁控溅射;;氮化铬;;纳米多层膜;;纳米硬度;;摩擦磨损
摘要:
 工业电镀铬涂层在各行各业有着广泛的应用,然而电镀铬过程对环境的污染十分严重。本
论文工作为合成和表征CrN基的纳米多Neodymium Magnets层膜以用于对工业电镀铬涂层进行取代;研究的材料包括氮化
铬薄膜、Cr-Zr-N三元多相、多层薄膜以及CrN/ZrSiN纳米多层膜。因电镀铬在现代工业中的应用是
多种多样的,在本论文中,主要针对其抗磨损,抗腐蚀等领域的替代进行了研究。论文研究目的为:探
索基于磁控溅射技术的、结构和性能可控的新型薄膜,使其能应用于工业规模的电镀铬取代。论文
中应用到GDOES、XRD、SEM以及TEM等技术对薄膜成分和结构进行了表征,薄膜的力学性能、摩擦学
以及抗腐蚀性能则通过纳米硬度、摩擦学测试以及动电位极化等技术表征。论文主要工作分为以下
几个方面:
 首先研究了氮化铬薄膜的合成和优化技术,特别针对磁控溅射参数中的氮气流量
以及基体偏压的优化技术进行了研究。研究结果表明,薄膜成分和相结构随氮气流量的变化规律可
以通过沉积气压、溅射靶电http://www.everbeenmagnet.com/en/products/110-sintered-neodymium-magnets压随氮气流量变化的曲线来预测;在6sccm和12sccm的氮气流量下分别得
到了纯的Cr_2N和CrN薄膜。硬度测试结果表明纯的Cr_2N、CrN以及具有<200>择优取向的铬固溶体
Cr(N)具有较高的硬度和弹性模量。摩擦磨损测试发现CrN比Cr_2N抗研磨磨损能力更好。腐蚀测试
鉴定,在3.5%NaCl溶液中,几种材料的抗腐蚀能力高低顺序为a-CrN>Cr>Cr_2N>CrN>AISI 304。
此外,本文还应用等离子体发射光谱(OES)研究了氮化铬薄膜的性能随偏压变化的规律。研究发现沉
积氮化铬薄膜的化学反应过程主要是在基体表面上进行的;增加基体偏压将导致氮化铬薄膜中氮成
分下降。在中等偏压(60V<|U_b|<100 V)下沉积的氮化铬薄膜具有较高的硬度和弹性模量并同时
具有较低的摩擦系数和最好的抗研磨磨损能力。由于以60V射频自偏压沉积的CrN薄膜在抗磨损以及
抗腐蚀两方面均表现优异,因此本论文确定沉积薄膜的基体偏压优化值为60V。
 在Cr-Zr-N系统
中研究主要针对体系中的多层膜系统,同时还研究了该体系中的多元薄膜。对于Zr改性的CrN薄膜
(CrN(Zr))多元薄膜,XRD分析表明薄膜结构为置换固溶体。当CrN(Zr)薄膜中Zr成分为1.5 at.%时,
薄膜具有最大的硬度,为24GPa。腐蚀测试结果表明,Zr的添加提高了CrN薄膜的化学惰性。对
CrN/ZrN多层膜的研究表明所得薄膜为周期结构的纳米多层膜。TEM观察发现该纳米多层膜由纳米晶
的CrN和ZrN单层组成。此外,多层膜硬度受调制周期影响较小,几乎为常数(29GPa)。研究结果还表
明所得到的纳米多层CN/ZrN薄膜具有良好的抗磨损性能。电化学测试显示薄膜具有较高的抗腐蚀能
力。
 论文进一步的工作为往CrN/ZrN多层膜中的ZrN单层中加入Si元素。沉积得到的CrN/ZrSiN
多层膜调制周期从11nm~153nm不等。ZrSiN单层膜为纳米复合结构;多层膜为具有良好周期性的纳
米多层膜结构。多层膜具有不随调制周期变化、几乎为常数的硬度和弹性模量,其数值分别为30GP
和350GPa。CrN/ZrSiN多层膜的性能测试结果表明CrN/ZrSiN多层膜结构可整合ZrSiN单层膜的高硬
度和CrN薄膜的高韧性。在腐蚀测试中,CrN/ZrSiN多层膜展现出良好的化学惰性。研究证实向ZrN单
层中加入Si是提高CrN/ZrN腐蚀系统抗点蚀能力的一种有效方法。
学位年度:2009

水滴模板法构筑功能性有序多孔膜

题名:水滴模板法构筑功能性有序多孔膜
作者:孙航
学位授予单位:吉林大学
关键词:多金属氧簇;;单分子磁子;;Mn12;;DNA;;多孔结构
摘要:
 有序多孔材料在光子晶体、传感器、过滤膜、催化剂的载体,以及作为细胞培养和组织生
长的基底等领域具有重要的研究价值和应用前景。通常,制备这些多孔材料需要借助于模板,近年来neodymium magnets
利用水蒸气冷凝并有序排列的水滴为模板制备有序多孔膜的方法由于简便、经济、无毒且不需要额
外的方法去除作为模板的水滴受到了广泛的关注。
 本论文从利用水滴模板法构筑有序多孔结构
出发,针对如何将这种方法扩展到更广阔的领域,特别是具有优异性质的纳米材料和生物材料体系,
如何对材料进行修饰从而构筑得到高度有序的多孔结构,如何在多孔结构中展现材料的功能特性等
一系列基本问题,开展了系统的研究工作。主要包括以下三部分内容:(1)我们利用表面活性剂替代
多金属氧簇表面的抗衡离子得到表面活性剂包覆的多金属氧簇复合物,进而利用水滴模板法制备了
基于多金属氧簇的多孔膜,并证http://www.chinamagnets.biz/Neodymium/Ball-Neodymium-Magnets.php
实这种方法对于常见的多金属氧簇都是适用的。我们通过改变复合
物中烷基链密度、烷基链长度以及多金属氧簇内核的尺寸,详细研究了复合物的亲疏水性和尺寸对
所形成的多孔膜形态的影响,并在得到高度有序的多金属氧簇复合物有序多孔膜的同时,首次获得了
有序多孔结构的形成规律,即只有界面接触角稍大于90o的复合物才能自组织形成有序多孔结构。这
些结果有助于我们理解利用水滴模板法构筑多孔结构的形成机理,而且所获得的规律对制备其它材
料的有序多孔膜具有重要的指导意义。(2)我们巧妙的结合微米尺度的水滴的自组织过程和纳米尺
度的多金属氧簇复合物在水滴和聚合物溶液界面的自组装过程,方便的构筑了多金属氧簇复合物功
能化的聚合物多孔膜。在提高聚合物多孔膜有序性的同时实现了多金属氧簇复合物在杂化薄膜孔洞
内壁的定位组装。(3)我们首次将水滴模板法扩展到Mn12单分子磁子和DNA领域,在第一部分得到的
对材料进行表面修饰改性制备有序多孔膜的依据指导下,通过选择合适的有机小分子进行表面修饰
改性,分别构筑了Mn12单分子磁子和DNA的有序多孔膜。研究发现我们可以通过改变相关的实验参数
比如溶液浓度、湿气流流速、溶剂类型、基底组分等在一定程度上调节多孔膜的结构和孔洞的尺寸
。重要的是Mn12单分子磁子独特的磁性质和DNA的生物特性在多孔膜中都得到了很好的展现。
学位年度:2009

Ⅲ族氮化物及AlN基稀磁半导体纳米材料的制备与高压物性研究

题名:Ⅲ族氮化物及AlN基稀磁半导体纳米材料的制备与高压物性研究
作者:类伟巍
学位授予单位:吉林大学
关键词:III族氮化物;;稀磁半导体;;氮化铝;;光致发光;;掺杂;;高压;;结构相变
摘要:
 本文利用直流电弧等离子体方法成功合成出了III族氮化物和过渡金属及稀土元素掺杂AlN
基稀磁半导体的多种纳米结构,并对III族氮化物纳米结构进行了原位的高压同步辐射研究。

1.首次利用直流电弧等离子体方法制备出了AlN的多种纳米结构,主要包括:树状、海胆状、玫瑰花
状、单边梳、单边钉等结构,并Neodymium Magnets详细研究了这些特殊纳米结构的光学性质和生长机理。
 2.对现
有的直流电弧等离子体设备进行改造,成功的制备出了AlN分级和海胆分支结构。并对它们的发光性
质进行了研究和比较。详细论述了这些新形貌生长的机理。
 3.首次利用直流电弧等离子体方法
制备出了GaN的多孔纳米结构,并对其光学性质和生长机制进行了讨论。
 4.首次利用直流电弧等离
子体方法制备出了过度金属Fe掺杂AlN的纳米线和六重纳米结构,对其生长机理和磁性进行了研
究。
 5.首次利用直流电弧等离子体方法制备出了稀土元素Sc和Y掺杂AlN的纳米六棱柱和六重纳
米结构。对其进行了http://www.everbeenmagnet.com/en/products/110-sintered-neodymium-magnets磁性表征。并利用理论计算的方法分析了这些非磁性稀土掺杂稀磁半导体磁性
的来源。
 6.首次利用高压原位同步辐射X-ray衍射技术,对同一压腔内AlN纳米线和纳米晶
、GaN纳米线、InN纳米晶进行了系统的高压相变研究。并对其体弹模量和相变压力进行了讨论。
学位年度:2009

供者自然杀伤细胞输注及IL-2、IL-15治疗在异基因及单倍型相合造血干细胞移植中作用

题名:供者自然杀伤细胞输注及IL-2、IL-15治疗在异基因及单倍型相合造血干细胞移植中作用的实
验研究
作者:陈广华
学位授予单位:苏州大学
关键词:异基因造血细胞移植;;单倍型相合造血细胞移植;;NK细胞;;异源反应活性;;白介素-2;;白
介素-15;;移植物抗宿主病;;移植物抗白血病;;免疫重建;;小鼠模型;;在体外;;体内
摘要:
 一、小鼠脾NK细胞纯化、体外培养和鉴定
 目的:探讨小鼠NK细胞分选方法、体外NK细
胞培养扩增体系的建立及体Neodymium Magnets外培养对NK细胞杀伤活性的影响。
 方法:采用流式细胞术检测小鼠脾
脏淋巴细胞亚群百分比。采用抗Thy-1.2抗体标记免疫磁珠去除T细胞及抗DX5抗体标记免疫磁珠正
选NK细胞。流式细胞仪检测分选NK细胞纯度。采用含IL-2或(和)IL-15的体外培养体系,比较不同培
养体系培养扩增效率。采用LDH释放法检测NK细胞杀伤活性。
 结果:B6成年小鼠脾脏CD3~-
DX5~+NK细胞占3.0-5.5%。经磁珠两步法分选后CD3~-DX5~+NK细胞纯度高于95%。含10ng/mL rhlL-2
和100ng/mL rhIL-15的DMEM完全培养基培养分选的脾NK细胞第3天、6天、9天、12天、15天时细胞
计数倍数为1.27±0.05、3.14±0.18、6.23±0.28、10.81±0.92、23.10±1.44。NK细胞培养后免
疫表型为CD3~-DX5~+,CD3~-DX5~+NK细胞占95.0%以上。静息NK细胞杀伤活性弱。效:靶比为10:1时
NK细胞毒性为28.7%,而培养激活后效:靶比为10:1时NK细胞毒性为96.3%。
 结论:采用抗
Thy-1.2和DX5免疫磁珠可高纯度分选小鼠NK细胞,体外含IL-2和IL-15的DMEM完全培养基可有效扩增
NK细胞,联合应用可提http://www.everbeenmagnet.com/en/products/110-sintered-neodymium-magnets高培养扩增效率,体外培养扩增的NK细胞免疫表型仍为CD3~-DX5~+,扩增后NK
细胞杀伤活性比静息NK细胞杀伤活性高。
 二、建立小鼠异基因造血干细胞移植aGVHD和白血病
模型
 目的:建立B6→BALB/c小鼠异基因造血细胞移植后非致死性aGVHD模型和EL9611白血病异基
因造血细胞移植模型。
 方法:32只SPF级BALB/c小鼠随机分为4组,各组小鼠分别接受6、7、8、
9Gy X射线全身照射。C57BL/6(H-2~b,♂)小鼠为供鼠,BALB/c小鼠(H-2~d,♀)为受鼠。32只BALB/c
小鼠经预处理后随机分为4组,分别尾静脉输注1×10~6、2.5×10~6、5×10~6、10×10~6个骨髓细
胞重建造血。在能重建造血的基础上建立aGVHD模型,输注BMCs基础上输注5×10~6、10×10~6或20
×10~6个脾细胞。6-7周龄SPF级BALB/C小鼠尾静脉接种1×10~6个EL9611细胞。接种8天后分组:无
TBI对照、TBI对照、同基因BMT对照、异基因BMT组,每组8只。
 结果:接受6Gy剂量的小鼠全部生存
。接受7Gy TBI预处理的小鼠中位生存期为28.0天,33天内全部死亡。8Gy TBI预处理的小鼠中位生
存期为12.7天,15天内全部死亡。四组生存时间采用Log-rank检验,x~2=47.24,P<0.0001。输注2.5
×10~6骨髓细胞不能全部重建造血,100天生存率分别为62.5%,其余死于内脏出血。输注5×10~6骨
髓细胞可全部重建造血,100天生存率为100%。单纯输注骨髓细胞不能诱发aGVHD。低剂量脾细胞输
注小鼠aGVHD疾病程度轻未出现aGVHD相关死亡,中剂量脾细胞输注小鼠25%出现aGVHD相关死亡,高剂
量脾细胞输注小鼠41天内100%死于aGVHD。单纯TBI处理组小鼠处理后14天内全部死于造血衰竭。同
基因对照小鼠20天内全部死于白血病。异基因BMT组1/8只小鼠长期生存,7/8只小鼠于BMT后45天内
死于白血病复发。四组生存时间采用Log-rank检验,x~2=40.22,P<0.0001。+28d外周血细胞及脾细
胞均达到完全供者嵌合体状态。
 结论:TBI 8Gy对于BALB/c小鼠是清髓性预处理。预处理后输注
输注5×10~6个骨髓细胞可全部重建造血。输注5×10~6个脾细胞可诱发轻至中度aGVHD,不出现致死
性aGVHD。移植前8天尾静脉接种1×10~6个EL9611白血病细胞可成功建立白血病微小残留病模型。

三、供者NK细胞输注及IL-2、IL-15治疗对异基因造血干细胞移植后GVHD、白血病复发和免疫重建
的影响
 目的:探讨体外培养扩增的供者NK细胞输注及IL-2、IL-15治疗对异基因造血干细胞移植后
GVHD、白血病复发和淋系免疫重建的影响。
 方法:采用临床GVHD积分方法评价小鼠GVHD严重程度;
定量PCR方法检测脾细胞sjTREC评价胸腺输出功能;RT-PCR方法检测T细胞受体β链谱型;流式细胞仪
检测淋系重建;外周血涂片瑞氏染色检测白血病复发。在GVHD模型中40只小鼠随机分为4组。BMT对
照组:输注B6小鼠来源BMCs 5×10~6个;GVHD对照组:输注B6小鼠来源BMCs 5×10~6个+SCs 5×10~6
个;NK细胞输注组:输注B6小鼠来源BMCs 5×10~6个+SCs 5×10~6个+NK 1×10~7个;NK细胞输注及
IL2、IL-15治疗组:输注B6小鼠来源BMCs 5×10~6个+SCs 5×10~6个+NK 1×10~7个,移植后每天腹
腔注射IL-2、IL-15共7天。在EL9611白血病模型中BALB/c小鼠移植前.8d尾静脉接种1×10~6个
EL9611细胞,70只小鼠分为6组,每组9-12只。TBI对照组:单纯TBI处理;同基因造血细胞移植对照组:
输注BALB/c小鼠来源BMCs 5×10~6个+SCs 5×10~6个;异基因造血细胞移植对照组:输注B6小鼠来源
BMCs 5×10~6个+SCs 5×10~6个;NK细胞输注组:输注B6小鼠来源BMCs 5×10~6个+SCs 5×10~6个
+NK 1×10~7个;NK细胞输注及IL2、IL-15治疗组一:输注B6小鼠来源BMCs 5×10~6个+SCs 5×10~6
个+NK1×10~7个,移植后每天腹腔注射IL-2、IL-15共7天;NK细胞输注及IL2、IL-15治疗组二:输注
B6小鼠来源BMCs 5×10~6个+SCs 5×10~6个+NK 1×10~7个,移植后每天腹腔注射IL-2、IL-15共14
天。
 结果:骨髓移植对照组BALB/c小鼠不出现GVHD表现。GVHD对照组小鼠移植后7天时出现不同
程度的GVHD表现,并出现GVHD相关体重减轻。NK细胞输注组小鼠也出现aGVHD表现,但临床GVHD评分
比对照组评分低(P<0.05)。NK细胞输注及IL2、IL-15治疗组小鼠各观察时间点临床GVHD评分比对
照组评分明显低(P<0.01)。单纯异基因骨髓移植组小鼠的皮肤、肝脏和肠道未见明显的病理改变
。GVHD组小鼠出现皮肤、肝脏和肠道可见明显的病理改变。NK细胞输注组小鼠GVHD靶器官病理改变
较GVHD对照组轻。同基因造血细胞移植组小鼠20天内全部死于白血病,无长期生存小鼠。异基因造
血细胞移植组小鼠中位生存28天,90%(9/10只)于移植后52天内死于白血病复发,10%(1/10只)小鼠长
期生存。NK细胞输注组小鼠中44.4%(4/9只)死于白血病复发,55.6%(5/9只)小鼠长期生存,与异基因
HCT组比较生存期明显延长(x~2=4.487,P=0.0342)。NK细胞输注及IL2、IL-15治疗组一小鼠20%死于
白血病复发,80%(8/10只)长期生存,与NK细胞输注组比较生存期延长(x~2=1.065,p=0.3022)。NK细
胞输注及IL2、IL-15治疗组二小鼠8.3%(1/12只)死于白血病复发,91.7%(11/12只)长期生存,与NK细
胞输注组比较生存期延长(x~2=4.018,P=0.0450)。NK细胞输注及IL-2、IL-15治疗组、NK细胞输注
组和对照组小鼠移植后28天脾细胞计数分别为(4.78±0.51)×10~7、(3.98±0.43)×10~7、(3.45
±0.23)×10~7,NK细胞输注及细胞因子治疗小鼠脾细胞总数明显高于对照组小鼠(P<0.01)。而且
NK细胞输注及细胞因子治疗组小鼠T细胞、B细胞、NK细胞均高于对照组小鼠(P<0.01)。对照组移
植小鼠sjTREC拷贝数为136.6±13.7/10~5,NK细胞输注组和NK细胞输注及细胞因子治疗组小鼠
SjTREC拷贝数为222.2±11.4/10~7、287.5±10.9/10~5,均明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。移植后一个
月时NK细胞输注组脾脏TRBV重建明显比对照组TRBV重建快。
 结论:体外培养扩增的供者NK细胞
输注及IL-2、IL-15治疗可减轻异基因造血干细胞移植后GVHD严重程度,保护胸腺增强输出功能促进
T细胞谱型重建,促进外周T细胞、B细胞、NK细胞等淋系重建,增强移植物抗白血病作用减少白血病
复以。
 四、供者NK细IN输注及IL-2、IL-15治疗对单倍型相合造血干细胞移植后GVHD、白血病复
发和免疫重建的影响
 目的:建立B6→CB6F1单倍型相合造血细胞移植后非致死性aGVHD模型,探
讨体外培养扩增的供者NK细胞输注及IL-2、IL-15治疗对单倍型相合造血细胞移植后GVHD、白血病
复发和免疫重建的影响。
 方法:采用临床GVHD积分和病理组织学方法评价小鼠GVHD严重程度;实时
定量PCR方法检测SjTREC拷贝数评价移植后胸腺输出功能;RT-PCR结合毛细管电泳检测T细胞受体β
链谱型评价TRBV谱型;多参数流式细胞仪检测脾脏淋系重建;外周血涂片瑞氏染色检测白血病复发。
在GVHD模型中40只小鼠随机分为4组,每组10只。骨髓移植对照组:输注B6小鼠来源BMCs 5×10~6
个;GVHD对照组:输注B6小鼠来源BMCs 5×10~6个+SCs 15×10~6个;NK细胞输注组:输注B6小鼠来源
BMCs 5×10~6个+SCs 15×10~6个+NK 1×10~7个;NK细胞输注及IL2、IL-15治疗组:输注B6小鼠来源
BMCs 5×10~6个+SCs 15×10~6个+NK 1×10~7个,移植后每天腹腔注射IL-2、IL-15共7天。在
EL9611白血病模型中CB6F1小鼠移植时尾静脉接种2×10~6个EL9611白血病细胞,每组10只。单倍型
相合造血细胞移植对照组:输注B6小鼠来源BMCs 5×10~6个+SCs 10×10~6个;NK细胞输注组:输注B6
小鼠来源BMCs5×10~6个+SCs 10×10~6个+NK 1×10~7个;NK细胞输注及IL2、IL-15治疗组一:输注
B6小鼠来源BMCs 5×10~6个+SCs 10×10~6个+NK 1×10~7个,移植后每天腹腔注射IL-2、IL-15共7
天;NK细胞输注及IL2、IL-15治疗组二:输注B6小鼠来源BMCs5×10~6个+SCs 10×10~6个+NK 1×
10~7个,移植后每天腹腔注射IL-2、IL-15共14天。
 结果:11.5Gy X线TBI对于CB6F1小鼠为清髓
性预处理。GVHD对照组小鼠移植后7天时出现GVHD表现。NK细胞输注组小鼠各时间点临床GVHD评分
比对照组评分低(P<0.05)。NK细胞输注及IL2、IL-15治疗组小鼠各观察时间点临床GVHD评分比对
照组评分明显低(P<0.01)。GVHD对照组小鼠出现皮肤、肝脏和肠道可见明显的病理改变。NK细胞
输注组小鼠GVHD靶器官病理改变较GVHD对照组轻。单倍型相合造血细胞移植对照组小鼠100天生存
率为20%(2/10只),80%(8/10只)于移植后死于白血病复发。NK细胞输注组小鼠中10%(1/10只)死于白
血病复发,90%(9/10只)小鼠长期生存。NK细胞输注IL-2I与L-15治疗组小鼠均长期生存,无死于白血
病小鼠。四组生存时间采用Log-rank检验,x~2=30.69,P<0.0001。NK细胞输注及IL-2、IL-15治疗
组、NK细胞输注组和对照组小鼠移植后28天脾细胞计数分别为(5.39±0.59)×10~7、(4.42±0.39)
×10~7、(3.68±0.47)×10~7,NK细胞输注及细胞因子治疗小鼠脾细胞总数明显高于对照组小鼠(P
<0.01)。而且NK细胞输注及细胞因子治疗组小鼠T细胞、B细胞、NK细胞、NKT细胞计数均高于对照
组小鼠(P<0.01)。对照组移植小鼠sjTREC拷贝数为155.3±10.7/10~5,NK细胞输注组和NK细胞输注
及细胞因子治疗组小鼠sjTREC拷贝数为246.5±29.4/10~5、298.5±16.0/10~5,均明显高于对照组
(P<0.05)。移植后一个月时NK细胞输注组脾脏TRBV重建明显比对照组TRBV重建快。
 结论:
体外培养扩增的供者NK细胞输注及IL-2、IL-15治疗可减轻单倍型相合造血干细胞移植后aGVHD严重
程度,保护胸腺增强输出功能促进T细胞谱型重建,促进外周T细胞、B细胞、NK细胞等淋系重建,增强
移植物抗白血病作用减少白血病复发。
学位年度:2009

The Choline+Creatine/Citrate Ratio in the Differential Diagnosis of the Cancer of

题名:The Choline+Creatine/Citrate Ratio in the Differential Diagnosis of the Cancer of
Prostate
作者:MICHEL Max Leonidas Koffi(高飞)
学位授予单位:山东大学
关键词:前列腺;;胆碱;;肌酐;;枸橼酸盐;;磁共振;;波谱;;前列腺特异性抗原;;良性前列腺增生
摘要:
 目的
 探讨联合磁共振波谱成像和磁共振成像在早期前列腺癌诊断和鉴别诊断的价值,
评估波谱成像检测血清PSA升高的前列Neodymium Magnets腺癌的价值。
 材料与方法
 收集2006年1月至2009年6
月行3D MRSI及常规MRI检查的前列腺病变122例和正常前列腺10例。122例患者中包括27例PCA和85
例良性前列腺增生(benign prostatic hyperplasia,BPH),年龄在44-91岁之间,中位数为68岁。血
清PSA均高于4 ng/ml。MRI/MRS检查采用Siemens成像仪,检查序列包括T1WI(正常和大视野)、T2WI(
压脂和未压脂)、冠状T2WI和波谱成像。测量BPH的外周带和中央腺体的(Cho+Cre)/Cit比值及
Cho/Cre比值。计算对应病理结果为癌体素的(Cho+Cre)/Cit的平均值及BPH的(Cho+Cre)/Cit的平均
值,
 结果
 BPH的外周带波谱显示出细胞增殖的特点,Cit=0.2±1.78,(Cho+Cre)/Cit比值升
高。前列腺癌病例显示前列腺体积增大,增殖主要在外周带,胆碱峰增高(0.148),(Cho+Cre)/Cit为
4.21,PCA组的(Cho+Cre)/Cit明显高于BPH的外周带,Cho水平明显增高。
 结论
 在PSA水平高于4
ng/ml的患者,MRSI根据http://www.everbeenmagnet.com/en/products/110-sintered-neodymium-magnets胆碱以及(Cho+Cre)/Cit比值能有效鉴别前列腺癌,对PCA的诊断有较高的特
异度、准确度,是常规MR有效补充手段。
学位年度:2009

高场强MRI转移瘤诊断特征及其与高级别胶质瘤鉴别诊断

题名:高场强MRI转移瘤诊断特征及其与高级别胶质瘤鉴别诊断
作者:张伟
学位授予单位:山东大学
关键词:磁共振成像;;转移瘤;;胶质瘤
摘要:
 目的:
 将磁敏感加权成像(susceptibility-weighted imaging,SWI)、弥散加权成像
(diffusion-weighted imaging,DWI)、弥散张量成像(diffusion tensor imaging,DTI)、磁共振灌
注成像(perfusion weighted magnetic resonance imaging,PWI)、二维(two-dimension,2D)氢质
子MR波谱(proton MR spectroscopy,~1H-MRS)序列应用于转移瘤及瘤周区域,对其诊断特征进行研
究。在组织学上,转移瘤和高级别Neodymium Magnets胶质瘤(Ⅲ级、Ⅳ级)的内部结构、弥散、代谢产物等都存在差异,
本研究通过MRI不同功能序列对肿瘤瘤体和瘤周区域的研究,探讨其在二者鉴别诊断中的应用价
值。
 方法:
 采用GE Signa EXCITEⅡ3.0T MR机扫描。除常规MRI平扫外,95例转移瘤患者同时
接受T2~*WI和SWI检查、MRI强化;55例转移瘤(肿瘤数目不多于3个,其中20例为单发)和33例高级别
胶质瘤同时接受了DWI和DTI、PWI和MRI强化、二维~1H-MRS检查。
 1.常规MRI检查
 常规
MRI扫描序列包括横轴位、冠状位T_2WI(TR/TE=4500/102 ms,层厚6.0mm,间隔1.0 mm,矩阵320×
224,视野(field of view,FOV)24 cm×24 cm,采集时间1分53秒)、横轴位T_1WI(TR/TE=500/8 ms,
层厚6.0 mm,间隔1.0 mm,矩阵320×224,FOV24 cm×24 cm,采集时间2分11秒)、横轴位T_2液体衰减
恢复(fluid-attenuated inversion-recovery,FLAIR)(TR/TE=9000/120 ms,层厚6.0mm,间隔1.0
mm,矩阵320×224,FOV24 cm×24 cm,采集时间3.0分)。
 2.T2~*WI检查和SWI检查
 T2~*WI
检查采用GRE序列,TR/TE=520/20 ms,反转角度20°,层厚6.0 mm,间隔1.0 mm,矩阵256×224,FOV24
cm×24 cm,采集时间2分58秒。
 SWI检查采用3D SPGR序http://www.everbeenmagnet.com/en/products/110-sintered-neodymium-magnets列,TR/TE=23/13 ms,反转角度20°,扫
描块的厚度56 mm,矩阵512×448,FOV 24 cm×24 cm,采集时间6分28秒。原始数据采用Functool
3.1 software;Sun,GE Healthcare进行重建得到校正的相位图和磁矩图,再对得到的磁矩图进行重
建得到最小密度投影(minimum intensity projection,Min IP)图像。
 3.DWI检查和DTI检查

DWI检查采用SE/EPI技术,3个垂直平面的弥散梯度,b值为0和1000s/mm~2,TR/TE=5000/65 ms,层厚
6.0 mm,间隔1.0 mm,矩阵256×192,FOV 24cm×24 cm,采集时间1分钟。首先经后处理产生表观弥散
系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)图;然后,在ADC图上手工绘制感兴趣区(regions of
interest,ROI),分别选择在肿瘤的实质区、坏死区、瘤周带及对侧大脑半球正常白质区,瘤周带定
义为强化的肿瘤实质周围2cm区域,在大多数病例表现为T1WI低信号、T2WI高信号、增强无强化,少
数病例则T1WI、T2WI、增强扫描均与正常脑组织信号相近。ROI的ADC值直接测量得出,随后进行标
准化处理,计算ADC比值(relativeADC,rADC),即病变区域的ADC值与对侧大脑半球正常白质区相同大
小ROI的ADC值之比。
 DTI检查采用单次激励平面回波(Echo planner imaging,EPI)自旋(Spin
echo,SE)序列。扫描参数为:层厚5.0mm,层间距0,层数26层,每层采集25个非共线的梯度方向的数据
,b值为0和1000s/mm~2,TR/TE=6000ms/minimum,FOV24cm×24 cm,矩阵128×128,NEX=2,采集时间为2
分48秒。后处理时,首先用correction程序对图像进行校正,以减少运动伪影和图像变形;然后进行
域值设定,要求既能使图像背景噪声尽可能减少,又要包含所有脑组织;得到分数各向异性
(fractional anisotropy,FA)图、ADC图。选择与DWI一致的ROI,分别记录ADC值、ADC比值(r ADC)
、FA值及FA比值(relative FA,r FA),以进行定量分析。
 4.灌注成像和增强检查
 灌注成
像用EPI SE序列:单次激发,TR/TE=1900/80ms,激励1次,FOV24cm×24 cm,层厚6mm,间隔1mm,矩阵128
×128,单次扫描时间为4s(覆盖11层),间隔时间500ms,共扫描24次,总计扫描时间为1分36秒。在肘
静脉内置入20号针头,与高压注射器相接。在第1个扫描时相末以5ml/s的流率注射0.2mmol/kg体重
钆-二乙烯五胺乙酸(Gadolinium diethylene- triamine pentaceticacid,Gd-DTPA),随后以相同流
率注射生理盐水20ml。数据处理包括:(1)获取ROI时间-信号强度曲线;(2)测量ROI的脑血容积
(cerebral blood volume,CBV)和平均通过时间(mean transi-time,MTT),计算相对CBV(relaive
CBV,r CBV)和相对MTT(relative MTT,r MTT)(与对侧正常脑白质比较)。
 在以轴位CBV伪
彩图中目测肿瘤实质的最高灌注处(对应常规MRI中无明显囊变、坏死或出血区)、瘤周带的最高灌
注处及对侧正常脑白质内分别放置ROI,平均测量3~5次,取最大值。每个ROI大小为20~30mm~2,在
选择ROI时注意避开粗大血管。
 然后行横轴位、冠状位和矢状位增强扫描,扫描参数同平扫
T_1WI。
 5.二维~1H-MRS检查
 在增强MRI扫描后行2D ~1H-MRS检查,此时可以准确分
辨强化的肿瘤实质、无强化的坏死囊变区以及水肿区,分析时~1H-MRS的感兴趣体(volume of
interest,VOI)可准确放置于ROI域。
 2D ~1H-MRS的扫描参数为:采用点分辨波谱(point
resolved surface coilspectroscopy,PRESS)序列,水抑制,TR/TE=1500/144 ms;FOV 16 cm;矩阵16
×16;层厚10 mm;采集次数为1;采集时间为4分20秒。VOI放置于横轴位上,且与增强横轴位T_1WI上
的强化区域相对应。放置VOI时应避开头皮脂肪组织和颅脑骨质。在VOI周围使用高度选择性的饱和
(very selective saturation,VSS)脉冲。然后执行预扫描,自动匀场结果:如果最大半宽(full-
width half-maximum,FWHM)≤15Hz,水抑制为95%~99%,则开始扫描,否则再次进行自动匀场,如果仍
不能到达要求,则重新设定VOI。
 后处理时,首先产生代谢—解剖图,移动体素选择ROI,并在波谱
图上观察代谢物的变化情况,每个体素大小为1 cm×1 cm×1 cm,评价代谢物的波谱为:N-乙酰天冬
氨酸(N-acetylaspartate,NAA)、胆碱(choline,Cho)、肌酸(creatine,Cr)、脂质(lipid,Lip)、乳
酸(lactate,Lac)。各种代谢物的数值(即波峰下的面积)可自动得出,然后手工计算代谢物的比值
(NAA/Cr、Cho/Cr、Lip/Cr、Lac/Cr和Cho/NAA)。
 5.统计学分析
 统计学分析使用SPSS
13.0软件(SPSS Inc,Chicago,IL,USA),采用t检验比较:(1)T2~*WI与SWI序列检测瘤内出血敏感性;
(2)转移瘤组与胶质瘤组之间ADC参数(ADC值和ADC比值)、FA参数(FA值和FA比值)、灌注参数、MRS
各代谢参数的差异。所有数值结果以均数±标准差表示。p<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
 结果:

1.T2~*WI、SWI检查结果
 1.1以MRI增强扫描图像为参照,SWI可检出79.2%的脑内转移瘤,对于合并
水肿和/或出血的瘤灶显示率达100%。
 1.2 SWI序列对转移瘤瘤内出血的检出能力显著高于
T2~*WI序列。2.DWI和DTI检查结果
 2.1高级别胶质瘤组瘤周带ADC值较转移瘤有明显增高;而两组
间在肿瘤实质、囊变坏死组织的ADC值测量方面差异无统计学意义。
 2.2高级别胶质瘤组肿瘤
实质实质FA值显著高于转移瘤组。
 2.3转移瘤主要对周围脑白质束产生压迫作用,三维神经纤维束
成像以变形、移位为主;高级别胶质瘤对周围脑白质有浸润和破坏,三维神经纤维束成像显示明显地
中断、残缺。
 3.PWI检查结果
 高级别胶质瘤组肿瘤实质、瘤周带的最大rCBV均高于脑转移瘤
,差异有统计学意义;二者rMTT差异无统计学意义。
 4.2D ~1H-MRS检查结果
 4.1转移瘤组和
高级别胶质瘤组肿瘤实质各主要代谢物比值差异无统计学意义。
 4.2转移瘤组与胶质瘤组
瘤周带波谱比较,胶质瘤组Cho/Cr、Cho/NAA明显升高。两组肿瘤之间的NAA/Cr、Lac/Cr无统计学差
异。
 结论:
 1.SWI可检出绝大部分转移瘤,对合并瘤内出血和瘤周水肿的瘤灶更为敏感。可应
用于有原发肿瘤史患者的临床随访。
 2.瘤周带的各项功能MRI参数转移瘤组和高级别胶质
瘤组之间均存在显著性差异。瘤周带ADC值、rCBV值和Cho峰的升高以及纤维束连接性中断、局限性
消失可作为高级别胶质瘤的特征性表现。
 3.联合应用MRI功能序列鉴别转移瘤和胶质瘤时,应重
点观察瘤周带的MRI特征。
学位年度:2009

磁控溅射SiO_2基LaB_6薄膜的制备工艺及性能

题名:磁控溅射SiO_2基LaB_6薄膜的制备工艺及性能
作者:徐静
学位授予单位:山东大学
关键词:六硼化镧;;薄膜;;磁控溅射;;工艺;;性能
摘要:
 六硼化镧(LaB_6)是一种具有许多优异性能的陶瓷材料,广泛应用于民用和国防工业制作现
代仪器中的电子元器件。国内外的科研Magnetic lifter工作者对LaB_6薄膜开展了一些研究工作,但对薄膜性能的研
究主要集中于所制得薄膜的形貌、结构及其物理性能,对其光学性能研究较少,仅有的研究也是将其
作为装饰材料使用。为充分研究和利用LaB_6在光学方面的独特性能,采用透明的SiO_2材料作为基
体沉积LaB_6薄膜。
 采用磁控溅射法在SiO_2基片上沉积LaB_6薄膜。调整了溅射过程中的氩
气气压、基片偏压、基片温度和溅射功率等工艺参数。分别采用探针轮廓仪、原子力显微镜、掠入
射角X射线衍射仪、高分辨透射电镜及场发射扫描电镜,分析不同工艺参数对薄膜的沉积速率、表面
形貌、结构、晶格相、断口形貌及膜基相互扩散情况的影响。系统研究了磁控溅射法沉积的LaB_6
薄膜的膜基结合力、硬度、弹性模量以及薄膜的光学和电学性能。分析了工艺参数对LaB_6薄膜性
能的影响。
 研究结果表明,LaB_6薄膜的沉积速率受溅射功率影响最明显,溅射功率为61.6W、
氩气气压为1.5Pa、基片偏压为-100V和基片温度为室温时,沉积速率最大,为19.8nm/min。溅射功率
降至17.6W,其它工艺参数不变时,沉积速率为3.22nm/min。
 原子力显微镜的结果显示,SiO_2基
LaB_6薄膜表面平整,结构较为致密。有些薄膜表面存在孔洞等缺陷,但通过调整溅射工艺,可以得到
致密性良好的薄膜。基片偏http://www.999magnet.com/products/131-magnetic-lifter压对薄膜的形貌影响最大,不同偏压下制备的薄膜表面致密度相差较大,
其中基片偏压为-100V、溅射功率为44.0W、氩气气压为1.5Pa、基片温度为400℃时,制备的LaB_6薄
膜表面致密,没有发现明显的缺陷。薄膜表面平均粗糙度均在2nm左右,其最小值仅为1.336nm。基片
温度对薄膜的平均粗糙度影响最大,其最大值与最小值之差为1.125nm。在基片加热条件下制备的
LaB_6薄膜的粗糙度大于其它工艺条件下制备的薄膜的粗糙度。
 利用场发射扫描电镜观察
了SiO_2基LaB_6薄膜的断口形貌以及断口表面的面元素分布。结果显示,薄膜的生长方式为柱状生
长,SiO_2基片偏压绝对值的增大和温度的升高有利于薄膜的柱状结构生长,基片偏压绝对值的增大
对薄膜柱状结构的影响最大。其中,溅射功率为44W、基片偏压为-150V、氩气气压为1.5Pa、基片温
度为室温的LaB_6薄膜柱状结构最为明显。随着基片温度的降低和基片偏压绝对值的增大,LaB_6薄
膜与SiO_2基片之间的扩散程度变弱。
 XRD结果显示,除在溅射功率为17.6W,氩气气压为
1.5Pa,基片偏压为-100V,基片温度为室温以及基片温度为500℃,溅射功率为44W,基片偏压为-100V,
氩气气压为1.5Pa时所制得的两个试样没有出现明显的X射线衍射图谱外,其余薄膜均得到了良好的
XRD图谱,且所有晶体结构薄膜的优势结晶面均为(100)晶面,这一情况与块体材料不同。研究发现,
薄膜的结晶程度受工艺参数的影响,在氩气气压为1.0Pa、基片温度为室温和氩气气压为1.5Pa、基
片温度为400℃,其它参数分别为基片偏压为-100V、溅射功率为44.0W时沉积的薄膜结晶情况最好。
利用X射线衍射数据,Scherrer公式计算的结果表明,本论文中制备的薄膜均为纳米结构,其平均颗粒
尺寸介于10~30nm之间。这一结果与原子力显微镜和场发射扫描电镜的结果吻合的很好。
 高分辨
透射电镜的结果表明,溅射功率为44W,氩气气压为1.5Pa,基片偏压为-100V,基片温度为室温的条件
下制备的薄膜结晶程度良好。在其晶格相中发现了(100)(110)(111)三个晶面。其晶面间距分别为
0.4051nm、0.2942nm和0.2382nm,相对于块体材料都有不同程度的畸变。
 利用划痕法测试
了薄膜与基体之间的结合力。实验结果表面,SiO_2基体与LaB_6薄膜之间的结合力介于110mN到
155mN之间。采用纳米压痕仪测试了薄膜的硬度及弹性模量。薄膜的载荷-位移曲线中未出现突变现
象,表明薄膜的弹塑性能良好。薄膜的最大硬度和最小硬度分别为20.043GPa和8.053GPa。弹性模量
的最大值和最小值分别为199.575GPa和127.988GPa。
 研究了LaB_6薄膜在紫外-可见、近红外区的
光谱吸收情况。薄膜在紫外-可见波段的吸收受薄膜结构的影响不大,但近红外区的吸收情况受影响
较大,出现了不同程度的蓝移或红移。利用四探针电阻法测量了LaB_6薄膜的电阻,据此得到其电阻
率。薄膜的导电性能比常规LaB_6较差,其导电性能与半导体相近。
学位年度:2009

强静磁场下二元合金凝固行为研究

题名:强静磁场下二元合金凝固行为研究
作者:李喜
学位授予单位:上海大学
关键词:强磁场;;单相合金凝固;;共晶生长;;相变;;材料电磁处理(EPM)
摘要:
 强静磁场下的金属凝固是新发展Magnetic lifter的研究方向,本文采用定向凝固等手段,以Al Cu、Al Ni和
Bi Mn合金为对象,实验研究了强静磁场(文中称为强磁场)对二元合金凝固的影响;深入考察了强磁
场作用下二元合金单相生长界面稳定性、胞晶和枝晶生长,共晶生长、晶体取向和相变等规律,建立
模型分析了强磁场的多种物理效应,得到有价值的结论。
 在Al-Cu二元单相合金的生长中,发
现强磁场导致晶体平界面生长变得不稳定和不规则,同时也促使胞晶和枝晶生长不稳定与分枝甚或
混乱。在较低的磁场下的胞晶生长中,产生环状组织。随磁场强度的增加,枝晶的一次间距增加,高
次枝晶间距减小。在合金定向凝固中发现存在多尺度的热电磁效应,此效应引起热电磁流动和作用
于固相上的热电磁力。强磁场下定http://www.999magnet.com/products/131-magnetic-lifter向凝固界面稳定性降低和胞晶/枝晶分枝与热电磁流动和热电磁
力相关。固相中的热电磁力和不规则性热电磁流动可以引发界面和枝/胞晶的不稳定性和分枝。

建立了理论和数值模型,对定向凝固热电磁流动和热电磁力进行了分析,发现随着磁场强度的增加,
热电磁流动逐渐达到最大值;之后,热电磁流动逐渐减小,而作用在固相上的热电磁力则随着磁场强
度和温度梯度的增加呈线性增加。提出在强磁场下定向凝固过程中界面扩散边界层因磁化使溶质富
积,进而促进界面和枝/胞晶不稳定生长的观点。
 在Al-Cu单相合金枝晶生长中,发现强磁场使
得α-Al枝晶趋于以<111>方向转向磁场方向,即使枝晶因热电磁力的作用而生长混乱的情况下,仍以
<111>方向转向磁场方向,形成取向组织。在Al-Ni过共晶合金定向凝固中,强磁场使得条状Al3Ni初
生晶生长偏离磁场方向,在足够强的磁场中形成规则的层状组织。分析表明,上述现象产生的原因是
,具磁各向异性的晶体在磁场中受力的作用而发生重新取向。
 .在Al Al2Cu和Al Al3Ni共晶的生
长中,发现强磁场减小片状和纤维状共晶间距,导致带状组织的形成;并可以引发片状共晶的退化。
进而,提出了在磁场下共晶生长过程中扩散边界层磁化和溶质富积模型,认为由于在固液界面处溶质
富积,因而改变磁化率,从而导致磁力线发生弯曲,产生横向磁场梯度,影响了原子的扩散,进而改变
共晶间距和导致带状组织的形成。发现强磁场可以使常规条件下无取向特性的Al Al2Cu共晶具备特
定取向,强制Al2Cu共晶相以[001]晶向沿磁场方向取向;进而,提出了强磁场作用下片状共晶取向模
型和生长模型。研究表明,强磁场在共晶固相中将诱生热电磁应力,该应力可以促使片状共晶形貌的
不稳定和退化。
 研究了强磁场对凝固相变的影响,提出了利用物质在梯度强磁场中的受力变化测
定相变点的方法。其原理为,当相变发生时,物质磁化率改变,从而其在梯度磁场中的受力相应发生
变化,通过测量该力的变化可判定物质发生相变的温度点,从而测得相变温度的变化。利用这一方法
测定了Bi Mn合金包晶相变温度随磁场强度的变化,结果发现随着磁场强度的增大,该相变温度逐渐
增大,在10T磁场下相变温度提高20℃左右。观察了该合金在包晶相变过程中组织的变化,发现在强
磁场下,随着相变的进行,生成相的形态发生沿垂直磁场方向分裂,平行磁场方向聚合的变化。建立
模型分析了磁场对相变温度的影响,结果与实验一致。发现强磁场使Bi Mn合金的BiMn相以<001>方
向沿磁场方向取向排列,从而导致强的磁各向异性,剩磁成倍提高;随着磁场强度和作用时间的增加,
磁各向异性逐步增强。
学位年度:2009

锗基与二氧化铪基铁磁半导体的电子结构和磁性研究

题名:锗基与二氧化铪基铁磁半导体的电子结构和磁性研究
作者:姚新欣
学位授予单位:山东大学
关键词:自旋电子学;;磁性半导体;;锗;;二氧化铪;;第一性原理计算;;电子结构
摘要:
 电子既是电荷的载体,又是自旋的载体。以研究和控制电子的荷电特性及其输运特性为主
要内容的微电子学,作为二十世纪人类最Magnetic lifter伟大的成就之一,极大地推动了社会的进步,使人类进入了
信息时代。但是在传统微电子学之中,电子只是被当作电荷的载体,它的自旋特性一直未被引起重视
。二十世纪八十年代末,巨磁电阻效应(GMR,Giant magnetoresistance)的发现引发了磁存储和磁记
录领域的革命,其重要的应用前景极大地激发了人们对磁性材料输运的兴趣,并在此基础上逐渐形成
了一门以研究、利用和控制自旋极化的电子输运过程为核心的新兴学科:自旋电子学(Spintronics)

 铁磁性半导体是自旋电子学领域的关键材料,传统的制备方法为掺杂过渡金属离子进入半
导体的晶格,通过过渡金属离子间的铁磁耦合作用使半导体材料具有铁磁性,并保留重要的带隙。早
期研究中铁磁性半导体材料的http://www.999magnet.com/products/131-magnetic-lifter居里温度非常低,一般在10 K以下,这极大的限制了铁磁性半导体材料
的实际应用。于是寻找具有高居里温度的磁性半导体材料成为自旋电子学的研究重点之一。上世纪
90年代,首先在Ⅲ-Ⅴ族半导体材料(如GaAs)的研究中取得了巨大的进展,但其居里温度仍低于室温
。之后,对于以氧化物为代表的Ⅱ-Ⅵ族材料和以Si、Ge为代表的Ⅳ族材料的研究也相继展开。

Ge是一种Ⅳ族的半导体材料,与目前主流的半导体材料Si具有相似的电子结构,制作工艺也完全兼容
。在Ⅳ族半导体材料中实现铁磁性无疑会为实际应用带来极大的便利。在对于Mn_xGe_(1-x)材料的
研究中,有关于磁性的起源,铁磁耦合的强弱等有不同的解释,实验报道的居里温度从几十K到室温各
不相同。由于Mn元素与Ge元素可以形成具有铁磁性的合金相,针对磁性来源于本征材料还是这些合
金相的问题也展开了不同的讨论。除了实现单晶Mn_xGe_(1-x)磁性半导体外,多晶、非晶、纳米晶
等结构的Mn_xGe_(1-x)磁性半导体也有相关报道。许多理论工作者采用第一性原理计算的方法分析
了Mn_xGe_(1-x)磁性半导体中磁性的起源。普遍认为Mn原子在Ge中易于形成反铁磁耦合的团簇,这
是在Mn_xGe_(1-x)材料中实现高居里温度的铁磁性的巨大障碍。
 随着半导体科学的快速发
展,在补偿金属氧化物半导体(CMOS)技术中,传统的SiO_2基的门电极材料即将达到他们尺度上的极
限。HfO_2与ZrO_2这类绝缘氧化物材料由于介电常数远高于SiO_2材料,因此是SiO_2门电极良好的
替代品。在高介电常数的研究领域里,HfO_2材料一直得到广泛的关注。在自旋电子学领域中,对于
HfO_2材料的研究起源于实验上的一个发现,在无掺杂的HfO_2中测量到了铁磁信号。这一现象起初
被认为是一种d~0铁磁性,许多报道分析了该材料中可能引起局域磁矩的各种晶格缺陷。与此同时,
也有报道指出这种铁磁性是由实验中引入的污染引起的。对于过渡金属掺杂的HfO_2材料的实验研
究认为磁性来源于过渡金属的团簇,相关的理论研究还未见有报道。
 目前对磁性半导体的理论
研究主要有两种方式:(1)模型化研究;(2)基于密度泛函理论的第一性原理计算。本论文利用第一性
原理计算软件计算Ge基和HfO_2基磁性半导体的电子结构,从能带的角度研究磁性半导体中过渡金属
的耦合作用,分析铁磁性起源。由于密度泛函理论和计算机技术的迅速发展,多种第一性原理计算软
件相继诞生,如Vasp、Castep、Siesta、Quantum-Espresso等。本论文使用Quantum-Espresso软件
包完成,该软件包是基于密度泛函理论,利用平面波赝势法计算电子结构的程序。
 在基于Ⅳ族元素
Ge的磁性半导体材料Mn_xGe_(1-x)中,Mn原子易于相互靠近,并形成近邻的反铁磁耦合的团簇,这种
相互作用使得在Mn_xGe_(1-x)材料中很难获得较高居里温度的铁磁性。通过对体系自旋密度分布的
分析发现,格点上自旋极化的电子之间总是存在自旋反向的现象。通过引入其他的杂质离子,如H填
隙,作为这种自旋反向的桥梁,形成Mn-H-Mn的复合结构。H原子的1s态与Mn原子的价电子态产生强烈
的杂化,改变了Mn原子的自旋极化分布,从而实现了Mn原子近邻铁磁序排列的稳定结构。
 对于高
介电常数材料HfO_2的电子结构计算结果表明,在无掺杂的HfO_2中,仅依靠Hf空位和O空位等本征缺
陷很难形成足够强的长程铁磁序。但是,在强氧化的环境中,很容易形成Co原子替位Hf原子的缺陷态
。这些替位Co原子之间的相互作用普遍为铁磁耦合作用,其中最近邻排列的两个替位Co原子的位型
能量最低,是该系统的基态。Co原子之间的铁磁交换作用是通过单斜HfO_2结构中三重简并的O原子
传递的,在富电子的条件下,这种铁磁交换作用会进一步增强。由于局域密度近似普遍会得到带隙偏
小和3d电子态能量偏高的结果,我们进一步使用LDA+U的方法进行修正,并采用“constrained-
density-functional”方法和线性响应理论自洽计算得出参数Hubbard U的合理取值,结果表明对Co
原子的3d电子加U后对体系的电子结构影响不大。
学位年度:2009

厌氧菌联合介入治疗肝癌的实验研究

题名:厌氧菌联合介入治疗肝癌的实验研究
作者:张学彬
学位授予单位:复旦大学
关键词:癌,肝细胞;;疾病模型,大鼠;;磁共振成像;;放射学,介入性;肝癌细胞;;长双歧杆菌;;
ELISA;; RT-PCR;; WST-1;; VEGF;超顺Magnetic lifter磁性氧化铁;;长双歧杆菌;; C.novyi-NT;; MRI;;示踪技
术;;动物实验;肝癌;;长双歧杆菌;;放射学,介入性;;无水酒精;;化疗;;动物实验;VX2;;无毒诺氏
梭菌;;放射学,介入性;;化疗栓塞;;动物实验
摘要:
 第一部分Buffalo大鼠移植型肝癌模型的生物学特点及影像表现
 目的评价一种新
的大鼠原位肝细胞癌模型的磁共振、数字减影血管造影、生物学特点变化及病理特征,促进大批量
小动物肝细胞癌介入治疗研究。
 材料和方法将McA-RH7777细胞开腹直视下接种于30只Buffalo
大鼠肝左或右叶。造模后第7和14天行MRI平扫及增强扫描并分别取荷瘤大鼠各3只行病理检查。14
天后荷瘤鼠14只分别经胃十二指肠动脉(7只)或静脉(7只)插管行肝动脉和门静脉造影,了解移植瘤
DSA血供特点。其余10只荷瘤鼠长期观察生存状况。
 结果造模后第7天,MRI观察见30只大鼠均有
肿瘤生长,肿瘤平均体积为19.53±15.65mm~3;14天后增大到400.33±242.34 mm~3。肿瘤在T1WI为
低信号,T2WI为高信号,增强后呈结节状或明显不均匀强化。7例大鼠DSA显示肿瘤供血动脉均有不同
程度增粗扭曲,实质期呈结节状染色3例或环状不均匀染色4例。7只大鼠门静脉造影均无明显供血。
肿瘤包膜完整,中央可见坏死。免疫组化显示肿瘤甲胎蛋白呈强阳性表达。10只荷瘤大鼠平均生存
期为50.80±4.44天。
 结论Buffalo大鼠McA-RH7777肝细胞癌,具有同人类肝细胞肝癌相似的
MRI和DSA表现,非常适于进行大批量的介入治疗实验研究。
 第二部分厌氧条件下http://www.999magnet.com/products/131-magnetic-lifter长双歧杆菌对
体外培养的McA-RH7777肝癌细胞生长及VEGF表达的影响
 目的:探索厌氧条件下长双歧杆菌
对体外培养的大鼠McA-RH7777肝癌细胞的毒性及对其VEGF表达及分泌的影响。
 材料和方法:采
用细胞培养技术,以大鼠肝癌细胞McA-RH7777为靶细胞,将McA-RH7777肝癌细胞分为两组,A组(厌氧
培养条件下加入长双歧杆菌)和B组(单纯厌氧培养)。处理后肝癌细胞6h、12h、24h、48h、72h后,
利用WST-1比色法测定长双歧杆菌对癌细胞毒性(OD值)。应用ELISA测定上清液中0h、12h、24h、
48h、72h VEGF蛋白含量,使用RT-PCR法分析厌氧培养72h后两组细胞VEGFb表达水平。
 结果:
将长双歧杆菌加入体外培养的McA-RH7777肝癌细胞中显示出细胞毒性和对该细胞系的抑制效应。作
用12h后,细胞生长开始出现停滞呈球形;细胞浆内出现颗粒状物。72h后培养液内细胞碎片出现。厌
氧培养条件下,细胞损伤随时间的延长逐渐加重,A组毒性更大,48小时后两组OD值具有显著差异。上
清液中VEGF蛋白含量在0h、12h、24h、48h、72h时两组相比均无明显统计学差异。72小时后A组厌
氧培养的细胞VEGF mRNA表达水平明显高于B组。
 结论:在厌氧条件下长双歧杆菌对体外培养
的McA-RH7777肝癌细胞具有明显毒性。癌细胞VEGF mRNA表达上调,但上清液中总VEGF含量在各时间
点均未见显著增高。
 第三部分MRI检测超顺磁性氧化铁纳米颗粒标记长双歧杆菌和C.novyi-
NT的实验研究
 目的探索超顺磁性氧化铁标记长双歧杆菌或C.novyi-NT及采用MRI检测的可行性

 材料与方法体外实验中四组不同组分的培养管厌氧条件下培养:(1)B.longum-SPIO组
(n=6):PYG液态培养基+B.longum+SPIO;(2)Free-SPIO组(n=6):PYG液态培养基+SPIO;(3)B.longum组
(n=6):PYG液态培养基+B.longum;(4)Medium组(n=6):PYG液态培养基。厌氧培养72小时后B.longum
-SPIO和B.longum组取材行透射电镜和普鲁士蓝染色。各组培养管行T_2~* mapping和T_2 mapping
MRI扫描,并重建出R_2~*mapping和R_2 mapping,测量R2*和R2值。同样的处理方法(RCM培养基)用来
标记和检测C.novyi-NT。建立Baffulo大鼠肝癌皮下瘤模型及肝原位瘤模型各8只用于体内实验。大
鼠皮下瘤直接瘤内注射B.longum-SPIO(28μg Fe/ml)及Free-SPIO(28μg Fe/ml)各l ml。大鼠种植
性肝癌静脉注射B.longum-SPIO(28μg Fe/ml)各1 ml。15天后检查MRI信号改变及病理切片普鲁士
蓝染色检测瘤内是否有铁颗粒存在。
 结果标记SPIO后B.longum活性没有受到明显影响。电
镜见细菌体内形成较大铁颗粒,普鲁士蓝染色可见细菌铁染色明显。B.longum-SPIO R_2~*值明显高
于Free-SPIO值(P<0.001),而B.longum R_2*值同培养基R_2*值无显著差异(P>0.05)。在R_2上
Free-SPIO信号值明显高于B.longum-SPIO值(P<0.001),而B.longum同培养基R_2值无明显差异(P>
0.05)。通过B.longum-SPIO和Free-SPIO比较发现在铁浓度相同情况下,B.longum-SPIO的R_2*值明
显高于Free-SPIO R_2*值。相反,Free-SPIO R2值明显高于B.longum-SPIO R2值。B.longum-SPIO
R2和R2*效应同细菌数呈线性关系。R2*效应斜率是R_2效应斜率的31.25倍。Free-SPIO浓度同R_2*
效应亦呈线性关系,其R2*效应的斜率仅为R2效应斜率的1.99倍。C.novyi-NT也有类似的表现。大鼠
肝癌皮下瘤显示注射B.longum-SPIO瘤体在R_2*上信号明显高于注射Free-SPIO的瘤体,而R_2信号则
明显低于注射Free-SPIO的瘤体。尾静脉注射B.longum-SPIO后T_2WI显示瘤体内见散在低信号区。
T_2*WI显示瘤体内低信号较T_2WI更加明显。铁染色后坏死区内广泛存在铁染色颗粒,有些区域见聚
集的与细菌形态一致的杆状铁染色颗粒。
 结论SPIO可以用来标记长双歧杆菌和C.novyi-NT并带
来分布改变,同时引起相应的R_2和R_2*效应改变,并可以用来示踪瘤内长双歧杆菌或C.novyi-NT。

第四部分长双歧杆菌联合化疗及经皮无水酒精注射治疗Buffalo大鼠皮下移植肝癌
 目的:
探索长双歧杆菌治疗联合化疗及无水酒精瘤内注射治疗Buffalo大鼠皮下McA-RH7777肝细胞癌的疗
效及可能机制。
 材料和方法:建立40只Buffalo大鼠皮下肝癌动物模型,14天后随机分为四组:对照
(Control)组(C组,n=10);长双歧杆菌溶瘤(B.longum)组(B组,n=10);经皮无水酒精注射和丝裂霉素
化疗疗(Ethanol+MMC)组(EM组,n=10);长双歧杆菌溶瘤联合经皮无水酒精注射及丝裂霉素化疗
(Ethanol+B.longum+MMC)组(EBM组,n=10)。在3、6、9、12、15天行磁共振检查计算瘤体积及相对
瘤体积,比较瘤体增长情况。15天后处死全部大鼠行病理,免疫组化及细菌培养。
 结果:40只
Buffalo大鼠肿瘤模型全部建模成功。处理后C组和B组瘤体持续生长,而EM组和EBM组肿瘤生长明显
受到抑制,瘤体积缩小。经两两比较后发现C组同B组之间相对瘤体积没有显著差异,同EM组或EBM组
相比具有明显差异。EM的相对瘤体积同EBM的相对瘤体积也有显著差异。经EM处理后VEGF表达明显
增强,加用B.longum处理后表达减弱,单独应用B.longum并未见VEGF表达明显减弱。6只EM组大鼠出
现不同程度腹泻。EM组1例,EBM组2例出现皮肤坏死。各脏器尸检时均未见有脓肿形成。革兰氏染色
显示长双歧杆菌可在肿瘤坏死区内聚集生长,呈片状,分布相对局限。处死后细菌培养见瘤组织内有
大量细菌,而肝、肺、心、肾脏和脾脏均未见明显菌落形成。
 结论:长双歧杆菌联合经皮无水酒
精注射及化疗可有效抑制大鼠McA-RH7777肝细胞癌生长,长双歧杆菌在瘤内定植繁殖可能会减低局
部VEGF表达。
 第五部分肝动脉化疗栓塞联合无毒诺氏梭菌孢子瘤内注射治疗兔VX2肝癌

目的:探索无毒诺氏梭菌孢子(C.novyi-NT)联合动脉化疗栓塞治疗新西兰大白兔兔VX2肝癌的疗
效。
 材料和方法:将无毒诺氏梭菌孢子经过至少14天厌氧培养产孢并纯化后备用。制作新西兰
大白兔VX2肝癌模型40只,MRI确定肿瘤存在并测量肿瘤大小,随机分成4组,即假手术组(A组,n=8)、
经动脉化疗栓塞(TACE)组(B组,n=8)、动脉化疗栓塞加瘤内注射C.novyi-NT组(C组,n=12)、瘤内注
射C.novyi-NT组(D组,n=12)。C、D两组处理后1、3、7、14天各处死一只动物取材(每个肿瘤随机取
3枚组织块)行细菌培养,1微升组织块匀浆厌氧培养检测瘤内定植的活菌。各组于治疗后21天时行
MRI复查并各处死2只行病理检查及细菌培养。每组6只长期观察疗效及并发症。
 结果:成功培养
和纯化诺氏梭菌孢子。所有动物完成所有相应治疗操作。处理后21天四组相对肿瘤体积具有显著统
计学差异(x~2=18.74,P<0.001,Kruskal-Wallace H test)。四组间坏死比例相比C组>B组>D组>
A组,四组间具有显著统计学差异(P<0.001,Kruskal-Wallace test)。A、B、C、D四组平均生存时
间分别为30.83±3.98天、63.33±4.57天、86.50±2.93天和44.67±2.81天。Kaplan Meier生存分
析曲线显示C组累计生存率明显比其它三组明显增高。C组和D组在瘤内注射C.novyi-NT孢子后24小
时即可在瘤内检测出活菌,3天后活菌数明显增加,至14天时达到最高峰,随后活菌数稍有减少。TACE
结合C.novyi-NT瘤内注射组肿瘤呈较硬结节,瘤组织切面呈淡黄色,镜下肿瘤坏死程度和范围明显较
其它三组明显。
 结论:肝动脉化疗栓塞联合C.novyi-NT瘤内注射显增加肿瘤坏死,缩小瘤体,延长
荷瘤兔生存期。
 结论
 一、Buffalo大鼠McA-RH7777肝细胞癌具有同人类肝细胞肝癌相似的MRI
和DSA表现,非常适于进行大批量的介入治疗实验研究。
 二、在厌氧条件下,长双歧杆菌对
体外培养的McA-RH7777肝癌细胞具有毒性作用,并可能对癌细胞VEGF表达产生影响。
 三、超
顺磁性氧化铁(SPIO)可以用来标记长双歧杆菌及诺氏梭菌孢子,并引起明显的磁共振信号的变化。

四、长双歧杆菌可在无水酒精制造的坏死区内大量繁殖,长双歧杆菌联合无水酒精和化疗可有效抑
制大鼠McA-RH7777肝细胞肝癌生长,长双歧杆菌在瘤内生长繁殖可能通过破坏和杀灭瘤内乏氧细胞
有效抑制由于乏氧引起的VEGF的表达和分泌。
 五、TACE联合C.novyi-NT孢子治疗兔VX2肝
癌可有效增加肿瘤坏死,缩小肿瘤体积,延长动物生存期。TACE可在短时间内增加C.novyi-NT孢子在
肿瘤内的定制增殖。
 创新点
 一、在国内首次采用McA-RH7777细胞建立大鼠肝癌模型并对其
MRI、DSA及病理特点进行描述。
 二、首创采用超顺磁性氧化铁(SPIO)标记长双歧杆菌及诺氏梭
菌孢子(C.novyi-NT),并描述了相应磁共振信号的变化。
 三、首次采用厌氧菌(C.novyi-NT
或B.longum)同介入治疗手段(TACE或PEI)结合治疗实验性肝癌。
 四、厌氧菌对厌氧区乏氧
肿瘤细胞的破坏可能导致乏氧引起的VEGF表达和分泌减少,这一作用可能是其抗肿瘤间接作用的机
制之一。
学位年度:2009

反潜巡逻飞机搜潜辅助决策系统建模与仿真研究

题名:反潜巡逻飞机搜潜辅助决策系统建模与仿真研究
作者:屈也频
学位授予单位:国防科学技术大学
关键词:反潜战;;应召反潜搜索;;巡逻反潜搜索;;声纳浮标;;搜索方案;;搜索概率;;效能评估;;模
糊决策;;可变权重模糊集;;数据包络分析;;模糊偏好修正;;决策系统
摘要:
 随着潜艇朝高速、深潜和低噪声方向发展,使反潜作战更加困难和复杂。与反潜潜艇、反
潜水面舰艇和反潜直升机等兵力相比,反Magnetic lifter潜巡逻飞机具有快速反应能力强、航程远、留空时间长、
可装备多种搜潜设备和攻潜武器,以及不易受到潜艇攻击的优势,已成为世界海军强国竞相发展的装
备。正是由于现代反潜巡逻飞机搜攻潜手段的多样性,以及反潜战中存在的大量不确定因素,使得仅
仅依靠指挥员的经验已经难以胜任反潜作战任务。因此,运用先进的计算机技术和现代决策理论建
立作战指挥辅助决策系统,为指挥员提供有效的作战方案,最大限度地发挥反潜巡逻飞机的效能,已
成为现代反潜巡逻飞机研制中的重要研究方向。
 由于飞机和潜艇处于不同的介质,潜艇具有
很强的隐蔽性,反潜巡逻飞机在作战中的大部分时间都是用于对潜艇的搜索,对潜搜索方案的优化和
决策是反潜作战指挥辅助决策系统最重要的功能。因此,论文以反潜指挥控制系统中的搜潜方案辅
助决策为对象,分析现代航空反http://www.999magnet.com/products/131-magnetic-lifter潜作战特点和搜索决策过程,研究航空搜潜辅助决策系统必须具备的
主要功能和基本框架;研究潜艇位置的散布规律,推导出各种搜潜手段的搜索效能。最后,运用现代
决策系统理论,建立适用于反潜作战中搜索方案优化决策的数学模型,并对模型进行仿真验证。

论文首先研究了潜艇的使用特点、反潜巡逻飞机的特点、几种主要的航空搜潜手段及其特点,分析
了航空反潜作战中指挥员的决策过程,将搜潜方案决策分为两级,即在声纳浮标、磁探仪、雷达、红
外搜索仪和电子监测系统等不同手段及其组合中选择搜索手段,即一级搜索方案的决策;然后,针对
反潜巡逻飞机以声纳浮标为主要搜索手段的运用方式和声纳浮标布阵使用的特点,以取得最大搜索
效能为出发点,研究如何确定声纳浮标的搜索方案和选择布阵图形,即二级搜索方案的决策。按照搜
潜方案决策过程,进而确定了反潜作战指挥辅助决策系统的主要功能,提出了反潜作战指挥辅助决策
系统的基本框架。
 根据反潜巡逻飞机在执行应召搜索和巡逻搜索任务时所拥有的目标信息
,针对当前搜潜效能评估中对潜艇位置的假设存在过于简单和不甚合理的情况,研究了潜艇位置的初
始散布规律和运动后的散布规律,提出了执行巡逻搜索和应召搜索任务时的潜艇初始位置和运动后
的位置散布模型。在此基础上,建立了各种潜艇散布规律条件下的搜潜效能评估数学模型,为开展搜
潜方案决策模型研究提供了输入参数。
 研究了航空反潜搜索的基本模式以及作战环境条件变
化情况下搜索手段作用距离的预报问题。在此基础上,对声纳浮标、雷达、红外搜索仪和磁探仪的
应召搜索、巡逻检查搜索效能进行了研究,建立了声纳浮标搜索阵、雷达、红外搜索仪和磁探仪的
规则图形搜索效能评估模型,以及雷达、红外搜索仪和磁探仪的随机搜索效能评估模型。
 考虑到
一级搜索方案决策中存在着一些影响决策的模糊因素,在综合搜潜效能,以及搜索隐蔽性、可操作性
和经济性等因素基础上,运用模糊决策理论研究了选择不同搜索手段及其组合对潜艇搜索的一级搜
索方案优化决策数学模型,特别是增加了声纳浮标逐渐消耗对因素权重影响的研究,引入了与消耗品
存有量有关的、基于层次分析法(AHP)的可变因素模糊集向量,并通过计算备选方案与理想方案之间
的模糊距离,来衡量所选择的方案接近理想方案的程度,建立了针对不同状态潜艇的搜索行动方案优
选模型。
 针对一级搜索方案选择带有声纳浮标的方案,而各种搜索阵型的输入和输出可以
事前分析得到的情况,为减少因采用模糊决策方法带来的人为权重分配的主观性,论文运用更加客观
的数据包络分析法(DEA)选择二级搜索方案。在根据声纳浮标使用特点的基础上,构建了DEA的评价
对象和指标,通过分析比较多种搜索阵形的相对有效性来选择最佳搜索图形,特别是针对搜索系统输
出指标用概率值表征、边际效应明显的情况,重点研究并提出了用决策者偏好修正概率型输出量的
方法。在此基础上,建立了在多种声纳浮标搜索阵形中择优且带有决策者偏好的决策模型,使评价结
果既具有较强的客观性,又充分尊重决策者的主观意愿。
 论文给出的所有效能评估和决策数
学模型,均经过严格的数学推导和计算机仿真验算。从几组典型条件下的计算结果来看,模型公式合
理、结论可信,可运用于为指挥员提供反潜作战指挥搜潜方案辅助决策。
 论文还对建立反
潜巡逻飞机搜潜辅助决策系统的总体设计方案进行了研究。
 论文首次系统地采用现代决策理论
对反潜指挥决策系统进行理论研究,具有重要的学术价值,研究成果对指导反潜巡逻飞机作战指挥辅
助决策系统研制和开展航空反潜搜索效能评估研究均具有重要的参考价值。
学位年度:2009